Laravel performance optimization can improve application efficiency through four core directions. 1. Use the cache mechanism to reduce duplicate queries, store infrequently changing data through Cache::remember() and other methods to reduce database access frequency; 2. Optimize database from the model to query statements, avoid N 1 queries, specifying field queries, adding indexes, paging processing and reading and writing separation, and reduce bottlenecks; 3. Use time-consuming operations such as email sending and file exporting to queue asynchronous processing, use Supervisor to manage workers and set up retry mechanisms; 4. Use middleware and service providers reasonably to avoid complex logic and unnecessary initialization code, and delay loading of services to improve startup efficiency.

Laravel is a powerful and development-friendly framework, but if not optimized, applications may slow down in scenarios with high concurrency or high data volumes. The core of performance optimization is to reduce unnecessary resource consumption, improve response speed, and make rational use of cache and asynchronous processing.

1. Use the cache mechanism to reduce duplicate queries

Laravel provides a rich caching system (such as Redis and Memcached), which can effectively reduce the frequency of database access. For some data that does not change frequently, such as static page content, configuration information, popular article lists, etc., it is recommended to use cache to store results.

• Use Cache::remember() or Cache::rememberForever() to encapsulate time-consuming operations
• Control cache expiration time to avoid data outdated affecting user experience
• Integrate client cache in API interfaces with ETag or Last-Modified

For example:

 $users = Cache::remember('user_list', 60, function () {
    return User::all();
});

2. Database optimization: from model to query statement

Databases are often the main source of performance bottlenecks in Laravel applications. It can be optimized through the following aspects:

• Avoid N1 query problems : preload associations with()
• Only the required fields : use select() to specify the field instead of *
• Index optimization : Add appropriate indexes to frequently queried fields
• Paginate processing of large data volume : use paginate() instead of getting all data at once
• Read and write separation : If the business volume is large, consider configuring multiple database connections to achieve read and write separation

3. Asynchronous tasks and queue processing

Some operations do not need to be completed immediately or have a long execution time, so they should be placed in the queue for asynchronous processing. Laravel's queue system supports multiple drivers (such as Redis, Beanstalkd, database, etc.).

Tasks suitable for queueing include:

• Send email or text messages
• Image processing or file export
• Logging or third-party service calls

Ensure timely consumption of tasks by configuring Supervisor to manage queue workers. At the same time, a failed retry mechanism is set to avoid task loss due to temporary errors.

4. Rational use of middleware and service providers

Laravel's middleware and service providers are very flexible, but they can also affect performance if used improperly. for example:

• Don't do complex logic or database queries in middleware
• Try to delay binding service providers to avoid loading too many classes at startup
• Use defer lazy loading service and register only when it is actually used

Also, regularly check your AppServiceProvider and other custom service providers to see if there is unnecessary initialization code.

Basically that's it. Laravel performance optimization is actually not complicated, but details are easy to ignore. As long as you start from cache, database, queue and structural design, most projects can achieve significant improvements.

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