File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was a widely used protocol to transfer files or data remotely in an unencrypted format which is not a secure way to communicate.

As we all know that File Transfer Protocol is not at all secure because all transmissions happen in clear text and the data can be readable by anyone during sniffing the packets on the network.

So, basically, FTP can be used in limited cases or on the networks that you trust. Over the period of time, SCP (Secure Copy) and SSH (Secure Shell) addresses this security ambiguity and added an encrypted secure layer while transferring data between remote computers.

[ You might also like: Best Command-Line FTP Clients for Linux ]

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) runs over SSH protocol on standard port 22 by default to establish a secure connection. SFTP has been integrated into many GUI tools (FileZilla, WinSCP, FireFTP, etc.).

Security Warnings: Please don’t open the SSH port (Secure SHell) globally as this would be a security breach. You can only open for specific IP from where you are going to transfer or manage files on the remote system or vice versa.

• How to Secure and Harden OpenSSH Server
• How to Change SSH Port in Linux
• How to Sync Files Using Rsync with Non-standard SSH Port
• 5 Best Practices to Secure and Protect SSH Server
• 10 Wget Command Examples in Linux

This article will guide you to 10 sftp command examples to use through the interactive command-line interface in the Linux terminal.

1. How to Connect to SFTP

By default, the same SSH protocol is used to authenticate and establish an SFTP connection. To start an SFTP session, enter the username and remote hostname or IP address at the command prompt. Once authentication is successful, you will see a shell with an sftp> prompt.

[root@tecmint ~]# sftp [email?protected]

Connecting to 27.48.137.6...
[email?protected]'s password:
<strong>sftp></strong>

2. Getting Help

Once, you are in the sftp prompt, check the available commands by typing ‘?‘ or ‘help‘ at the command prompt.

sftp> ?
Available commands:
cd path                       Change remote directory to 'path'
lcd path                      Change local directory to 'path'
chgrp grp path                Change group of file 'path' to 'grp'
chmod mode path               Change permissions of file 'path' to 'mode'
chown own path                Change owner of file 'path' to 'own'
help                          Display this help text
get remote-path [local-path]  Download file
lls [ls-options [path]]       Display local directory listing
ln oldpath newpath            Symlink remote file
lmkdir path                   Create local directory
lpwd                          Print local working directory
ls [path]                     Display remote directory listing
lumask umask                  Set local umask to 'umask'
mkdir path                    Create remote directory
put local-path [remote-path]  Upload file
pwd                           Display remote working directory
exit                          Quit sftp
quit                          Quit sftp
rename oldpath newpath        Rename remote file
rmdir path                    Remove remote directory
rm path                       Delete remote file
symlink oldpath newpath       Symlink remote file
version                       Show SFTP version
!command                      Execute 'command' in local shell
!                             Escape to local shell
?                             Synonym for help

3. Check Present Working Directory

The command ‘lpwd‘ is used to check the Local present working directory, whereas the pwd command is used to check the Remote working directory.

sftp> lpwd
Local working directory: /
sftp> pwd
Remote working directory: /tecmint/

• lpwd – print the current directory on your system
• pwd – print the current directory on the ftp server

4. Listing Files with sFTP

Listing files and directories in local as well as a remote system ftp server.

On Remote

sftp> ls

On Local

sftp> lls

5. Upload File Using sFTP

Put single or multiple files in remote system ftp server.

sftp> put local.profile
Uploading local.profile to /tecmint/local.profile

6. Upload Multiple Files Using sFTP

Putting multiple files on in remote system ftp server.

sftp> mput *.xls

6. Download Files Using sFTP

Getting single or multiple files in a local system.

sftp> get SettlementReport_1-10th.xls
Fetching /tecmint/SettlementReport_1-10th.xls to SettlementReport_1-10th.xls

Get multiple files on a local system.

sftp> mget *.xls

Note: As we can see by default with get command download file in local system with the same name. We can download remote files with a different name by specifying the name at the end. (This applies only while downloading the single file).

7. Switching Directories in sFTP

Switching from one directory to another directory in local and remote locations.

On Remote

sftp> cd test
sftp>

On Local

sftp> lcd Documents

8. Create Directories Using sFTP

Creating new directories on local and remote locations.

sftp> mkdir test

sftp> lmkdir Documents

9. Remove Directories Using sFTP

Remove directory or file in a remote system.

sftp> rm Report.xls

sftp> rmdir sub1

Note: To remove/delete any directory from a remote location, the directory must be empty.

10. Exit sFTP Shell

The ‘!‘ command drops us in a local shell from where we can execute Linux commands. Type ‘exit‘ command where we can see sftp> prompt return.

sftp> !

[root@sftp ~]# exit
Shell exited with status 1
sftp>

Conclusion

The SFTP is a very useful tool for administrating servers and transferring files to and from (Local and Remote). We hope this tuts will help you to understand the usage of SFTP to some extent.

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