Golang is a programming language with high efficiency and high concurrency. More and more developers are beginning to use Golang to build various types of applications. Among them, web application is one of the most common application scenarios in Golang. This article will introduce some commonly used web frameworks in Golang and their basic usage.

1. Common Golang Web Framework

1. Gin

Gin is a fast and efficient Web framework that provides rich functions and has Very good performance. Gin's API design is simple and easy to understand, so Gin is very suitable for building REST APIs and microservice applications. Gin provides common Web functions such as middleware, routing grouping, and JSON/XML serialization.

2. Beego

Beego is a complete Web framework, which includes common Web components such as routing, middleware, template rendering, ORM, and provides Web applications. A set of functions required for program development. Beego can easily build large-scale web applications and supports RESTful API, Websocket and other features.

3. Echo

Echo is a lightweight, high-performance, easy-to-extend Web framework that uses standard libraries and some third-party packages to provide some functions. Including routing, middleware, template rendering, etc. The performance of Echo is very good and it is very suitable for building RESTful APIs and microservices.

2. Getting started with the Gin framework

We choose Gin as the first framework to introduce. Let us see how to use Gin to build a simple Web application.

1. Install Gin

You can use the following command to install the Gin framework:

go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

2. Hello World

The following is an example of Hello World created using the Gin framework:

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "Hello, world!")
    })
    r.Run()
}

First, we import the package of the Gin framework. Then, we create a Gin instance and register a GET route that returns the string "Hello, world!". Finally, we use the Run method to start our web application and listen on the port.

Using curl to request our application:

$ curl http://localhost:8080/
Hello, world!

3. Routing

Routing is the core component of a web application that connects requests to handler functions Associated.

The following is a simple example:

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })

    r.GET("/hello/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
        name := c.Param("name")
        c.String(200, "Hello, %s", name)
    })

    r.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
        username := c.PostForm("username")
        password := c.PostForm("password")
        c.JSON(200, gin.H{"username": username, "password": password})
    })

    r.Run()
}

We use three routes:

• /ping route, returns a string "pong";
The
• /hello/:name route receives a parameter name and returns the string "Hello, name"; the
• /login route receives a POST request and returns the requested username and password.

4. Middleware

Middleware is an important feature of the Gin framework that can perform operations before and after the request reaches the handler.

The following is an example of using Gin middleware:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "time"
)

func CustomMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        t := time.Now()
        fmt.Println("Starting middleware")
        c.Set("request_time", t)
        c.Next()
        fmt.Println("Ending middleware")
        latency := time.Since(t)
        fmt.Printf("Latency: %v
", latency)
    }
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.Use(CustomMiddleware())

    r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "Hello, world!")
    })

    r.Run()
}

We create a middleware function called CustomMiddleware that records the start time of the request, and then it passes the request to the handler function and ends after the request processing is completed.

We registered the middleware into our Gin instance and used a simple handler function in the root route to return a "Hello, world!" string.

When we run our application, we will see the middleware record in the output:

Starting middleware
Ending middleware
Latency: 277.1μs

3. Summary

This article briefly introduces the commonly used in Golang Three web frameworks: Gin, Beego and Echo. We also showed how to create a simple web application using the Gin framework and demonstrated how to use routing and middleware.

Learning Golang Web development is inseparable from learning the Web framework. However, different web frameworks target different application scenarios and needs, and developers need to choose the framework that best suits them based on the actual situation.

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