Laravel 5 の基礎(chǔ) (7) - Eloquent (laravel の ORM)

• 最初のモデルを生成してみよう

<code>php artisan make:model Article#輸出Model created successfully.Created Migration: 2015_03_28_062517_create_articles_table</code>

生成されたファイルを確認(rèn)してみるapp/Article.php

<code><?php namespace App;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;class Article extends Model {	//}</code>

Model を継承する以外に特別なことはありませんが、強(qiáng)力な機(jī)能があり、それらはすべて Laravel の Model にカプセル化されています。このモデルは、save() update() findXXX() などの強(qiáng)力な機(jī)能を自動(dòng)的に備えています。

• Tinker は、laravel が提供する、プロジェクトと対話できるコマンドライン ツールです。

<code>php artisan tinker#以下是在tinker中的交互輸入Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.4.16 — cli) by Justin Hileman>>> $name = &#39;zhang jinglin&#39;;=> "zhang jinglin">>> $name=> "zhang jinglin">>> $article = new App\Article;=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {}>>> $article->title = &#39;My First Article&#39;;=> "My First Article">>> $article->body = &#39;Some content...&#39;;=> "Some content...">>> $article->published_at = Carbon\Carbon::now();=> <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {       date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",       timezone_type: 3,       timezone: "UTC"   }>>> $article;=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {       title: "My First Article",       body: "Some content...",       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {           date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           timezone_type: 3,           timezone: "UTC"       }   }>>> $article->toArray();=> [       "title"        => "My First Article",       "body"         => "Some content...",       "published_at" => <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {           date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           timezone_type: 3,           timezone: "UTC"       }   ]>>> $article->save();=> true#查看數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果，添加了一條記錄>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();=> [       [           "id"           => "1",           "title"        => "My First Article",           "body"         => "Some content...",           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53"       ]   ]>>> $article->title = &#39;My First Update Title&#39;;=> "My First Update Title">>> $article->save();=> true>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();=> [       [           "id"           => "1",           "title"        => "My First Update Title",           "body"         => "Some content...",           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"       ]   ]   >>> $article = App\Article::find(1);=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1600000000ab91a676> {       id: "1",       title: "My First Update Title",       body: "Some content...",       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"   }>>> $article = App\Article::where(&#39;body&#39;, &#39;Some content...&#39;)->get();=> <Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection #000000005c4b7e1800000000ab91a676> [       <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1b00000000ab91a676> {           id: "1",           title: "My First Update Title",           body: "Some content...",           published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",           updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"       }   ]>>> $article = App\Article::where(&#39;body&#39;, &#39;Some content...&#39;)->first();=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1900000000ab91a676> {       id: "1",       title: "My First Update Title",       body: "Some content...",       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"   }>>> >>> $article = App\Article::create([&#39;title&#39; => &#39;New Article&#39;, &#39;body&#39; => &#39;New body&#39;, &#39;published_at&#39; => Carbon\Carbon::now()]);Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MassAssignmentException with message &#39;title&#39;</code>

MassAssignmentException、laravel はレコードを直接挿入しないように保護(hù)します。たとえば、いくつかの特殊なケースでは、フォーム情報(bào)を直接使用してデータベース レコードを入力する必要がありますが、フォームにパスワード フィールドを追加せず、ハッカーがパスワード フィールドを生成し、それを私たちのパスワードと一緒にサーバーに送り返した場(chǎng)合、パスワードは危険なので、モデルのどのフィールドに直接入力できるかを明示的にlaravelに伝える必要があります。

モデル ファイル Article.php

<code><?php namespace App;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;class Article extends Model {	protected $fillable = [        &#39;title&#39;,        &#39;body&#39;,        &#39;published_at&#39;    ];}</code>

を変更して、title、body、published_at を直接入力できることを示します。

ティンカーを終了して再入力します

<code>>>> $article = App\Article::create([&#39;title&#39; => &#39;New Article&#39;, &#39;body&#39; => &#39;New body&#39;, &#39;published_at&#39; => Carbon\Carbon::now()]);=> <App\Article #000000005051b2c7000000007ec432dd> {       title: "New Article",       body: "New body",       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #000000005051b2c6000000007ec4081d> {           date: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",           timezone_type: 3,           timezone: "UTC"       },       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",       id: 2   }   # It&#39;s ok>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();=> [       [           "id"           => "1",           "title"        => "My First Update Title",           "body"         => "Some content...",           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"       ],       [           "id"           => "2",           "title"        => "New Article",           "body"         => "New body",           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:55:19",           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:55:19",           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:55:19"       ]   ]>>> $article = App\Article::find(2);=> <App\Article #000000005051b22b000000007ec432dd> {       id: "2",       title: "New Article",       body: "New body",       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19"   }>>> $article->update([&#39;body&#39; => &#39;New Updaet Body&#39;]);=> true#update自動(dòng)調(diào)用save()</code>