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  • Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs.
    Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs.
    JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1475 2025-04-05 00:04:01
  • How do you handle exceptions effectively in PHP (try, catch, finally, throw)?
    How do you handle exceptions effectively in PHP (try, catch, finally, throw)?
    In PHP, exception handling is achieved through the try, catch, finally, and throw keywords. 1) The try block surrounds the code that may throw exceptions; 2) The catch block handles exceptions; 3) Finally block ensures that the code is always executed; 4) throw is used to manually throw exceptions. These mechanisms help improve the robustness and maintainability of your code.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 828 2025-04-05 00:03:01
  • What is Reflection API in PHP and give practical examples?
    What is Reflection API in PHP and give practical examples?
    The Reflection API in PHP allows you to check and manipulate code at runtime. 1) It implements reflection function through classes such as ReflectionClass. 2) The working principle of the reflection API depends on the Zend engine. 3) The basic usage includes checking the class structure. 4) Advanced usage can implement dependency injection containers. 5) Common errors need to be handled through try-catch. 6) Performance optimization suggestions include cache reflection results and avoiding unnecessary reflections.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 596 2025-04-04 00:04:11
  • What are anonymous classes in PHP and when might you use them?
    What are anonymous classes in PHP and when might you use them?
    The main function of anonymous classes in PHP is to create one-time objects. 1. Anonymous classes allow classes without names to be directly defined in the code, which is suitable for temporary requirements. 2. They can inherit classes or implement interfaces to increase flexibility. 3. Pay attention to performance and code readability when using it, and avoid repeatedly defining the same anonymous classes.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1143 2025-04-04 00:02:50
  • What are SPL interfaces (e.g., Iterator, Countable, ArrayAccess) and why use them?
    What are SPL interfaces (e.g., Iterator, Countable, ArrayAccess) and why use them?
    The SPL interface includes Iterator, Countable and ArrayAccess in PHP. 1. The Iterator interface makes the object traversable and defines the current(), key(), next(), rewind() and valid() methods. 2. The Countable interface allows the object to report the number of elements and defines the count() method. 3. The ArrayAccess interface allows objects to be accessed and modified like arrays, and defines offsetExists(), offsetGet(), offsetSet() and offsetUnset() methods. These interfaces improve code efficiency and maintainability.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 404 2025-04-04 00:01:51
  • What are PHP Attributes (PHP 8 ) and how do they compare to DocBlocks?
    What are PHP Attributes (PHP 8 ) and how do they compare to DocBlocks?
    Attributes is a newly introduced metadata annotation feature in PHP8 for embedding additional information in code. It is more structured than DocBlocks and can be processed at runtime. Attributes work through reflection mechanism and are suitable for scenarios such as version tagging, routing definition, etc., and can give full play to their respective advantages in combination with DocBlocks.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1078 2025-04-04 00:01:30
  • What is REST API design principles?
    What is REST API design principles?
    RESTAPI design principles include resource definition, URI design, HTTP method usage, status code usage, version control, and HATEOAS. 1. Resources should be represented by nouns and maintained at a hierarchy. 2. HTTP methods should conform to their semantics, such as GET is used to obtain resources. 3. The status code should be used correctly, such as 404 means that the resource does not exist. 4. Version control can be implemented through URI or header. 5. HATEOAS boots client operations through links in response.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 558 2025-04-04 00:01:04
  • What are Enumerations (Enums) in PHP 8.1?
    What are Enumerations (Enums) in PHP 8.1?
    The enumeration function in PHP8.1 enhances the clarity and type safety of the code by defining named constants. 1) Enumerations can be integers, strings or objects, improving code readability and type safety. 2) Enumeration is based on class and supports object-oriented features such as traversal and reflection. 3) Enumeration can be used for comparison and assignment to ensure type safety. 4) Enumeration supports adding methods to implement complex logic. 5) Strict type checking and error handling can avoid common errors. 6) Enumeration reduces magic value and improves maintainability, but pay attention to performance optimization.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 702 2025-04-03 00:05:50
  • Explain late static binding in PHP (static::).
    Explain late static binding in PHP (static::).
    Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 549 2025-04-03 00:04:50
  • Describe the SOLID principles and how they apply to PHP development.
    Describe the SOLID principles and how they apply to PHP development.
    The application of SOLID principle in PHP development includes: 1. Single responsibility principle (SRP): Each class is responsible for only one function. 2. Open and close principle (OCP): Changes are achieved through extension rather than modification. 3. Lisch's Substitution Principle (LSP): Subclasses can replace base classes without affecting program accuracy. 4. Interface isolation principle (ISP): Use fine-grained interfaces to avoid dependencies and unused methods. 5. Dependency inversion principle (DIP): High and low-level modules rely on abstraction and are implemented through dependency injection.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1111 2025-04-03 00:04:01
  • What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases?
    What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases?
    What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 664 2025-04-03 00:03:31
  • Explain covariance and contravariance in PHP method parameters and return types.
    Explain covariance and contravariance in PHP method parameters and return types.
    PHP supports covariance and inversion since version 7.4. 1. Covariance allows subclass methods to return more specific types, such as the parent class returns Animal, and the subclass can return Dog. 2. Inverting allows subclass methods to accept wider parameter types, such as the parent class accepts Dog, and the subclass can accept Animal.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 960 2025-04-02 18:17:10
  • Explain how garbage collection works in PHP, including reference counting.
    Explain how garbage collection works in PHP, including reference counting.
    PHP uses reference counting and periodic collector for garbage collection. 1) Reference counting manages memory by tracking the number of references of the object, and frees memory when the count is zero. 2) The periodic recycler processes circular references, detects and releases objects that are no longer referenced externally.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1097 2025-04-02 17:57:11
  • What is serialization in PHP and what are potential security risks?
    What is serialization in PHP and what are potential security risks?
    Serialization in PHP is a process of converting objects or data structures into strings, which are mainly implemented through serialize() and unserialize() functions. Serialization is used to save object state for delivery between different requests or systems. Potential security risks include object injection attacks and information leakage. Avoiding methods include: 1. Limit deserialized classes and use the second parameter of the unserialize() function; 2. Verify the data source to ensure it comes from a trusted source; 3. Consider using more secure data formats such as JSON.
    PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1174 2025-04-02 17:45:11

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