Python? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ????. Python? ??? ??, ?? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? Python ??? ??? ???? ????? 20?? ???? ??? ?? ?????.

1. ???? ???? ??? ??

???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ????.

def read_large_file(file_path):
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
        for line in file:
            yield line.strip()

? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????.

2. .setdefault()? ???? ??? ??

????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? .setdefault()? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ????.

inventory = {"jeans": 500, "top": 600}
inventory.setdefault("shoes", 0)
print(inventory)

??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ????? ?? if ?? ???? ????.

3. if-elif ??? ???? ??

? if-elif ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

def start(): print("Start")
def stop(): print("Stop")
actions = {"start": start, "stop": stop}
action = "start"
actions.get(action, lambda: print("Invalid"))()

? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????.

4. ???? ?? ???

??? ??? Counter ???? ?? ??? ?? Python? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????.

from collections import Counter
words = ["apple", "banana", "apple", "orange", "banana"]
counts = Counter(words)
print(counts)

??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????.

5. ??? ?? ???

??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????.

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=1000)
def fibonacci(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????.

6. ?????? ??? ??

Python ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?????.

import time

def timer(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start_time = time.time()
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f"{func.__name__} took {time.time() - start_time:.6f} seconds")
        return result
    return wrapper

@timer
def slow_function():
    time.sleep(1)

slow_function()

7. dataclass? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????

Python? ??? ???? ???? init, repr ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ????.

def read_large_file(file_path):
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
        for line in file:
            yield line.strip()

??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ???.

8. ???? ?? ??

Python 3.10??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? if-else ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ????.

inventory = {"jeans": 500, "top": 600}
inventory.setdefault("shoes", 0)
print(inventory)

9. Chained ? all()? ??

?? ??? ? ?? ????? all()? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????.

def start(): print("Start")
def stop(): print("Stop")
actions = {"start": start, "stop": stop}
action = "start"
actions.get(action, lambda: print("Invalid"))()

10. ?? ?? ??

?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????.

from collections import Counter
words = ["apple", "banana", "apple", "orange", "banana"]
counts = Counter(words)
print(counts)

?? ???? ? ????? ?? ????.

11. ??? ??? ?? ? ??

??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=1000)
def fibonacci(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

??? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????.

12. ?? ??? ?? zip()? ??? ???

zip() ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ????.

import time

def timer(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start_time = time.time()
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f"{func.__name__} took {time.time() - start_time:.6f} seconds")
        return result
    return wrapper

@timer
def slow_function():
    time.sleep(1)

slow_function()

13. with ??? ??? ???? ??

with ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????.

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Employee:
    name: str
    id: int
    salary: float

e = Employee("Alice", 1, 50000)
print(e)

??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????.

14. ?? ??? ??? ??

?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? IDE? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???.

def describe_point(point):
    match point:
        case (0, 0):
            return "Origin"
        case (0, y):
            return f"On Y-axis at {y}"
        case (x, 0):
            return f"On X-axis at {x}"
        case (x, y):
            return f"Point at ({x}, {y})"

?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????.

15. ?? ??? ?? any()? ???? ???

??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? any()? ? ?????.

fields = ["name", "email", "age"]
data = {"name": "Alice", "email": "alice@example.com", "age": 25}
if all(field in data for field in fields):
    print("All fields are present")

16. ??? ?? ?? ??

? ??? ???? else? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ?????.

squares = [x ** 2 for x in range(10)]

17. ??? ??? ??? ??

??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????.

sum_of_squares = sum(x ** 2 for x in range(1000))

18. f-???? ???? str ?? ??

f-???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ????.

names = ["Alice", "Bob"]
ages = [25, 30]
for name, age in zip(names, ages):
    print(f"{name} is {age} years old")

19. ???? ??? ?? itertools? ?????

itertools ??? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

def read_large_file(file_path):
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
        for line in file:
            yield line.strip()

20. ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????

??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????.

inventory = {"jeans": 500, "top": 600}
inventory.setdefault("shoes", 0)
print(inventory)

---

??? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? Python ??? ??? ? ????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???.

? ??? ????? ?? ?? Python ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!