1. ???? ??? ??? ??

?? ??? ? ?? ??? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??, ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????.

1.1 ??? ???? ??? ??

???? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ?????.

1.2 ???? ???? ??? ??

??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???, ?????, ??? ? ???, ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.

2. ??? ????? ???? ??

???????? ??? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ????. ?? ????? ?? ??, ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????.

2.1 ?? ? ???? ??

??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???(???? ???)? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ????.

Java? ?? ? ?? ?? ??:

import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Base64;

public class PasswordSecurity {
    private static final String SALT_ALGORITHM = "SHA1PRNG";
    private static final String HASH_ALGORITHM = "SHA-256";

    public static String generateSalt() throws Exception {
        SecureRandom sr = SecureRandom.getInstance(SALT_ALGORITHM);
        byte[] salt = new byte[16];
        sr.nextBytes(salt);
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(salt);
    }

    public static String hashPassword(String password, String salt) throws Exception {
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance(HASH_ALGORITHM);
        md.update(salt.getBytes());
        byte[] hashedPassword = md.digest(password.getBytes());
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(hashedPassword);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String salt = generateSalt();
        String hashedPassword = hashPassword("mySecurePassword123", salt);
        System.out.println("Salt: " + salt);
        System.out.println("Hashed Password: " + hashedPassword);
    }
}

???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????.

2.2 ??? ?? ???? ??(bcrypt, scrypt, Argon2)

bcrypt, scrypt ? Argon2? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????.

Java?? bcrypt? ???? ?? ??:

import org.mindrot.jbcrypt.BCrypt;

public class BCryptExample {
    public static String hashPassword(String plainPassword) {
        return BCrypt.hashpw(plainPassword, BCrypt.gensalt(12));
    }

    public static boolean checkPassword(String plainPassword, String hashedPassword) {
        return BCrypt.checkpw(plainPassword, hashedPassword);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String hashed = hashPassword("mySecurePassword123");
        System.out.println("Hashed Password: " + hashed);

        boolean isMatch = checkPassword("mySecurePassword123", hashed);
        System.out.println("Password Match: " + isMatch);
    }
}

??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? bcrypt? ??? ???? ???????.

2.3 Pepper: ?? ?? ??

Pepper??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?(Pepper??? ?)? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????.

?? ??:

• ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????.
• ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????.

2.4 ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ??

??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????. ?? ??(?: ??? ?? ?? ??) ? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ???.

Java? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??:

import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Base64;

public class PasswordSecurity {
    private static final String SALT_ALGORITHM = "SHA1PRNG";
    private static final String HASH_ALGORITHM = "SHA-256";

    public static String generateSalt() throws Exception {
        SecureRandom sr = SecureRandom.getInstance(SALT_ALGORITHM);
        byte[] salt = new byte[16];
        sr.nextBytes(salt);
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(salt);
    }

    public static String hashPassword(String password, String salt) throws Exception {
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance(HASH_ALGORITHM);
        md.update(salt.getBytes());
        byte[] hashedPassword = md.digest(password.getBytes());
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(hashedPassword);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String salt = generateSalt();
        String hashedPassword = hashPassword("mySecurePassword123", salt);
        System.out.println("Salt: " + salt);
        System.out.println("Hashed Password: " + hashedPassword);
    }
}

3. ???? ?? ?? ??

??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????.

???? ??? ??? ?? ??

??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???. ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ? ???.

?? ????? ????? ???????

?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????.

??? ??(MFA) ??

??? ???? ??? ????? MFA? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

4. ??

???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??, ??? ?? ???? ??, ?? ??, ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ????.

? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????!

?? ? ?? ???? ?????: ??????? ??? ??? ????

? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!