<div role="rowheader">
  <a href="/owner/repo/tree/main/folder-name">folder-name</a>
</div>

3.實(shí)作抓取器

3.1。遞歸爬取函數(shù)

該腳本將遞歸地抓取資料夾並列印其結(jié)構(gòu)。為了限制遞歸深度並避免不必要的負(fù)載，我們將使用深度參數(shù)。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time

def crawl_github_folder(url, depth=0, max_depth=3):
    """
    Recursively crawls a GitHub repository folder structure.

    Parameters:
    - url (str): URL of the GitHub folder to scrape.
    - depth (int): Current recursion depth.
    - max_depth (int): Maximum depth to recurse.
    """
    if depth > max_depth:
        return

    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

    if response.status_code != 200:
        print(f"Failed to access {url} (Status code: {response.status_code})")
        return

    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

    # Extract folder and file links
    items = soup.select('div[role="rowheader"] a')

    for item in items:
        item_name = item.text.strip()
        item_url = f"https://github.com{item['href']}"

        if '/tree/' in item_url:
            print(f"{'  ' * depth}Folder: {item_name}")
            crawl_github_folder(item_url, depth + 1, max_depth)
        elif '/blob/' in item_url:
            print(f"{'  ' * depth}File: {item_name}")

# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    repo_url = "https://github.com/<owner>/<repo>/tree/<branch>/<folder>"
    crawl_github_folder(repo_url)

4.功能解釋

1. 請(qǐng)求標(biāo)頭：使用使用者代理字串來模擬瀏覽器並避免阻塞。
2. 遞歸爬行：
   • 偵測(cè)資料夾 ??(/tree/) 並遞歸地輸入它們。
   • 列出檔案 (/blob/)，無需進(jìn)一步輸入。
3. 縮排：反映輸出中的資料夾層次結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. 深度限制：透過設(shè)定最大深度（max_深度）來防止過度遞歸。

5.增強(qiáng)功能

這些增強(qiáng)功能旨在提高爬蟲程序的功能和可靠性。它們解決了導(dǎo)出結(jié)果、處理錯(cuò)誤和避免速率限制等常見挑戰(zhàn)，確保工具高效且用戶友好。

5.1。匯出結(jié)果

將輸出儲(chǔ)存到結(jié)構(gòu)化 JSON 檔案以便於使用。

   pip install requests beautifulsoup4

5.2。錯(cuò)誤處理

為網(wǎng)路錯(cuò)誤和意外的 HTML 變更添加強(qiáng)大的錯(cuò)誤處理：

<div role="rowheader">
  <a href="/owner/repo/tree/main/folder-name">folder-name</a>
</div>

5.3。速率限制

為了避免受到 GitHub 的速率限制，請(qǐng)引入延遲：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time

def crawl_github_folder(url, depth=0, max_depth=3):
    """
    Recursively crawls a GitHub repository folder structure.

    Parameters:
    - url (str): URL of the GitHub folder to scrape.
    - depth (int): Current recursion depth.
    - max_depth (int): Maximum depth to recurse.
    """
    if depth > max_depth:
        return

    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

    if response.status_code != 200:
        print(f"Failed to access {url} (Status code: {response.status_code})")
        return

    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

    # Extract folder and file links
    items = soup.select('div[role="rowheader"] a')

    for item in items:
        item_name = item.text.strip()
        item_url = f"https://github.com{item['href']}"

        if '/tree/' in item_url:
            print(f"{'  ' * depth}Folder: {item_name}")
            crawl_github_folder(item_url, depth + 1, max_depth)
        elif '/blob/' in item_url:
            print(f"{'  ' * depth}File: {item_name}")

# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    repo_url = "https://github.com/<owner>/<repo>/tree/<branch>/<folder>"
    crawl_github_folder(repo_url)

6.道德考量

由軟體自動(dòng)化和道德程式設(shè)計(jì)專家 Shpetim Haxhiu 撰寫，本部分確保在使用 GitHub 爬蟲時(shí)遵守最佳實(shí)踐。

• 合規(guī)性：遵守 GitHub 的服務(wù)條款。
• 最小化負(fù)載：透過限制請(qǐng)求和增加延遲來尊重 GitHub 的伺服器。
• 權(quán)限：取得廣泛爬取私有倉庫的權(quán)限。

7.完整程式碼

這是包含所有功能的綜合腳本：

import json

def crawl_to_json(url, depth=0, max_depth=3):
    """Crawls and saves results as JSON."""
    result = {}

    if depth > max_depth:
        return result

    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

    if response.status_code != 200:
        print(f"Failed to access {url}")
        return result

    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
    items = soup.select('div[role="rowheader"] a')

    for item in items:
        item_name = item.text.strip()
        item_url = f"https://github.com{item['href']}"

        if '/tree/' in item_url:
            result[item_name] = crawl_to_json(item_url, depth + 1, max_depth)
        elif '/blob/' in item_url:
            result[item_name] = "file"

    return result

if __name__ == "__main__":
    repo_url = "https://github.com/<owner>/<repo>/tree/<branch>/<folder>"
    structure = crawl_to_json(repo_url)

    with open("output.json", "w") as file:
        json.dump(structure, file, indent=2)

    print("Repository structure saved to output.json")

透過遵循此詳細(xì)指南，您可以建立強(qiáng)大的 GitHub 資料夾爬蟲。該工具可以適應(yīng)各種需求，同時(shí)確保道德合規(guī)性。

歡迎在留言區(qū)留言！另外，別忘了與我聯(lián)絡(luò)：

• 電子郵件：shpetim.h@gmail.com
• LinkedIn：linkedin.com/in/shpetimhaxhiu
• GitHub：github.com/shpetimhaxhiu