在Laravel中設(shè)置環(huán)境變量的方法是使用.env文件，將變量存儲在該項目根目錄下的隱藏文件中，並通過env()函數(shù)訪問；但為確保兼容配置緩存，應(yīng)在配置文件中使用env()並在應(yīng)用代碼中使用config()來調(diào)用變量。具體步驟如下：1. 在.env文件中定義變量如APP_DEBUG=true；2. 使用env('APP_DEBUG')讀取變量；3. 創(chuàng)建config/app.php文件並引用環(huán)境變量；4. 通過config('app.debug_mode')在應(yīng)用中調(diào)用；5. 使用php artisan config:cache啟用配置緩存時仍能正常工作；6. 可創(chuàng)建多個環(huán)境文件如.env.local和.env.production以適配不同環(huán)境；7. 修改主.env文件中的APP_ENV值切換環(huán)境。同時注意不要提交.env文件至版本控制，而應(yīng)將其加入.gitignore。

Setting environment variables in Laravel is straightforward, and it's something you'll likely do early on—whether you're connecting to a database, setting up API keys, or managing different app configurations across environments.

Use the .env File

Laravel uses a .env file at the root of your project to store environment variables. When the app runs, these values are loaded into the $_ENV array and can be accessed using the env() helper function.

For example, if you add this line to your .env file:

 APP_DEBUG=true

You can access it like this:

 $debugMode = env('APP_DEBUG');

?? Never commit your .env file to version control—it often contains sensitive information like API keys or database passwords. Make sure it's included in your .gitignore .

Also, there's an .env.example file that comes with a fresh Laravel install. You can use this as a template for others working on your project to know what variables they should set.

Access Variables Using config() Instead of env() in Production

While env() is convenient, Laravel actually recommends using the config system in production. Why?

Because when you run php artisan config:cache , Laravel caches all configuration values—but it ignores any calls to env() after that point.

So the better practice is to create a config file (like config/app.php ) and reference the environment variable there:

 // config/app.php
return [
    'debug_mode' => env('APP_DEBUG', false),
];

Then use it like this:

 config('app.debug_mode');

This way, your variables work properly even when config caching is enabled.

• Always use config() in application code.
• Use env() only inside config files.
• Run php artisan config:clear if you change config files after caching.

Multiple Environment Files

Sometimes you need different setups for local, staging, and production. Laravel supports multiple .env files based on your current environment.

For example:

• .env – default
• .env.local – used when APP_ENV=local
• .env.production – used when APP_ENV=production

To switch environments, update the APP_ENV value in your main .env file:

 APP_ENV=local

Laravel will then load the matching .env.local file if it exists.

This is especially useful on platforms like Forge or Vapor where you might have separate deployment settings per environment.

That's how you manage environment variables in Laravel—set them in .env , reference them through config files, and avoid calling env() directly in your app logic. It keeps things clean, secure, and works well whether you're developing locally or deploying to production.基本上就這些。

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