Laravel 5 基礎(chǔ)（七）- Eloquent （laravel 的ORM）

• 我們來生成第一個模型

<code>php artisan make:model Article#輸出Model created successfully.Created Migration: 2015_03_28_062517_create_articles_table</code>

查看一下生成的文件 app/Article.php

<code><?php namespace App;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;class Article extends Model {	//}</code>

沒什么特別的，除了繼承自 Model 以外，但是具有強(qiáng)大的功能，這些都封裝在laravel的Model中。模型自動具有了 save() update() findXXX() 等強(qiáng)大的功能。

• tinker 是 laravel提供的命令行工具，可以和項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行交互。

<code>php artisan tinker#以下是在tinker中的交互輸入Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.4.16 — cli) by Justin Hileman>>> $name = &#39;zhang jinglin&#39;;=> "zhang jinglin">>> $name=> "zhang jinglin">>> $article = new App\Article;=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {}>>> $article->title = &#39;My First Article&#39;;=> "My First Article">>> $article->body = &#39;Some content...&#39;;=> "Some content...">>> $article->published_at = Carbon\Carbon::now();=> <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {       date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",       timezone_type: 3,       timezone: "UTC"   }>>> $article;=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {       title: "My First Article",       body: "Some content...",       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {           date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           timezone_type: 3,           timezone: "UTC"       }   }>>> $article->toArray();=> [       "title"        => "My First Article",       "body"         => "Some content...",       "published_at" => <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {           date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           timezone_type: 3,           timezone: "UTC"       }   ]>>> $article->save();=> true#查看數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果，添加了一條記錄>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();=> [       [           "id"           => "1",           "title"        => "My First Article",           "body"         => "Some content...",           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53"       ]   ]>>> $article->title = &#39;My First Update Title&#39;;=> "My First Update Title">>> $article->save();=> true>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();=> [       [           "id"           => "1",           "title"        => "My First Update Title",           "body"         => "Some content...",           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"       ]   ]   >>> $article = App\Article::find(1);=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1600000000ab91a676> {       id: "1",       title: "My First Update Title",       body: "Some content...",       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"   }>>> $article = App\Article::where(&#39;body&#39;, &#39;Some content...&#39;)->get();=> <Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection #000000005c4b7e1800000000ab91a676> [       <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1b00000000ab91a676> {           id: "1",           title: "My First Update Title",           body: "Some content...",           published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",           updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"       }   ]>>> $article = App\Article::where(&#39;body&#39;, &#39;Some content...&#39;)->first();=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1900000000ab91a676> {       id: "1",       title: "My First Update Title",       body: "Some content...",       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"   }>>> >>> $article = App\Article::create([&#39;title&#39; => &#39;New Article&#39;, &#39;body&#39; => &#39;New body&#39;, &#39;published_at&#39; => Carbon\Carbon::now()]);Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MassAssignmentException with message &#39;title&#39;</code>

MassAssignmentException，laravel保護(hù)我們不能直接插入記錄。比如，在一些特殊情況下我們需要直接利用表單的信息填充數(shù)據(jù)庫記錄，但是如果我們并沒有在表單中添加密碼字段，而黑客產(chǎn)生了密碼字段連同我們的其他字段一起送回服務(wù)器，這將產(chǎn)生修改密碼的危險，所以我們必須明確的告訴laravel我們的模型那些字段是可以直接填充的。

修改我們的模型文件 Article.php

<code><?php namespace App;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;class Article extends Model {	protected $fillable = [        &#39;title&#39;,        &#39;body&#39;,        &#39;published_at&#39;    ];}</code>

表示，title, body, published_at 是可以直接填充的。

退出 tinker，重新進(jìn)入

<code>>>> $article = App\Article::create([&#39;title&#39; => &#39;New Article&#39;, &#39;body&#39; => &#39;New body&#39;, &#39;published_at&#39; => Carbon\Carbon::now()]);=> <App\Article #000000005051b2c7000000007ec432dd> {       title: "New Article",       body: "New body",       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #000000005051b2c6000000007ec4081d> {           date: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",           timezone_type: 3,           timezone: "UTC"       },       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",       id: 2   }   # It&#39;s ok>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();=> [       [           "id"           => "1",           "title"        => "My First Update Title",           "body"         => "Some content...",           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"       ],       [           "id"           => "2",           "title"        => "New Article",           "body"         => "New body",           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:55:19",           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:55:19",           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:55:19"       ]   ]>>> $article = App\Article::find(2);=> <App\Article #000000005051b22b000000007ec432dd> {       id: "2",       title: "New Article",       body: "New body",       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19"   }>>> $article->update([&#39;body&#39; => &#39;New Updaet Body&#39;]);=> true#update自動調(diào)用save()</code>