在本章中，我們將學習以下與路由相關的主題 -

• 路由簡介
• 轉乘路線
• 將參數(shù)傳遞給路由
• 生成網(wǎng)址
• 重定向網(wǎng)址

路由簡介

在本節(jié)中，我們將了解如何實現(xiàn)路由、如何將參數(shù)從 URL 傳遞到控制器的操作、如何生成 URL 以及如何重定向到特定 URL。通常，路由在文件 config/routes.php 中實現(xiàn)。路由可以通過兩種方式實現(xiàn) -

• 靜態(tài)方法
• 范圍內的路線構建器

這里是一個展示這兩種類型的示例。

// Using the scoped route builder.
Router::scope('/', function ($routes) {
   $routes->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Articles', 'action' => 'index']);
});
// Using the static method.
Router::connect('/', ['controller' => 'Articles', 'action' => 'index']);

這兩個方法都會執(zhí)行ArticlesController的index方法。在這兩種方法中，作用域路由構建器提供了更好的性能。

轉乘路線

Router::connect()方法用于連接路由。以下是該方法的語法 -

static Cake\Routing\Router::connect($route, $defaults =[], $options =[])

Router::connect() 方法有三個參數(shù) -

• 第一個參數(shù)是您要匹配的 URL 模板。

• 第二個參數(shù)包含路由元素的默認值。

• 第三個參數(shù)包含路由的選項，一般包含正則表達式規(guī)則。

這是路線的基本格式 -

$routes->connect(
   'URL template',
   ['default' => 'defaultValue'],
   ['option' => 'matchingRegex']
);

示例

在 config/routes.php 文件中進行更改，如下所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
      $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show']);
   $builder->connect('/pages/*', ['controller' => 'Pages', 'action' => 'display']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

在 src/Controller/TestsController.php 創(chuàng)建 TestsController.php 文件。 將以下代碼復制到控制器文件中。

src/Controller/TestsController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class TestsController extends AppController {
   public function show()
   {
   }
}

在src/Template下創(chuàng)建一個文件夾Tests，并在該文件夾下創(chuàng)建一個名為show.php的視圖文件。將以下代碼復制到該文件中。

src/Template/Tests/show.php

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of connecting routes.</h1>

通過訪問以下 URL 來執(zhí)行上述示例，該 URL 位于 http://localhost/cakephp4/

輸出

上面的 URL 將產(chǎn)生以下輸出。

通過的參數(shù)

傳遞的參數(shù)是在 URL 中傳遞的參數(shù)。這些參數(shù)可以傳遞給控制器??的操作。這些傳遞的參數(shù)通過三種方式提供給您的控制器。

作為操作方法的參數(shù)

以下示例顯示了我們如何將參數(shù)傳遞給控制器??的操作。訪問以下 URL：http://localhost/cakephp4/tests/value1/value2

這將匹配以下路線。

$builder->connect('tests/:arg1/:arg2', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show'],['pass' => ['arg1', 'arg2']]);

這里，URL 中的 value1 將被分配給 arg1，value2 將被分配給 arg2。

作為數(shù)字索引數(shù)組

將參數(shù)傳遞給控制器??的操作后，您可以使用以下語句獲取參數(shù)。

$args = $this->request->params[‘pass’]

傳遞給控制器??操作的參數(shù)將存儲在 $args 變量中。

使用路由數(shù)組

參數(shù)也可以通過以下語句傳遞給操作 -

$routes->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show',5,6]);

上面的語句將向 TestController 的 show() 方法傳遞兩個參數(shù) 5 和 6。

示例

在 config/routes.php 文件中進行更改，如以下程序所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
// Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
$builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('tests/:arg1/:arg2', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show'],['pass' => ['arg1', 'arg2']]);
   $builder->connect('/pages/*', ['controller' => 'Pages', 'action' => 'display']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

在 src/Controller/TestsController.php 創(chuàng)建 TestsController.php 文件。 將以下代碼復制到控制器文件中。

src/Controller/TestsController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class TestsController extends AppController {
public function show($arg1, $arg2) {
      $this->set('argument1',$arg1);
      $this->set('argument2',$arg2);
   }
}

在 src/Template 創(chuàng)建一個文件夾 Tests 并在該文件夾下創(chuàng)建一個名為 show.php 的 View 文件。將以下代碼復制到該文件中。

src/Template/Tests/show.php.

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of Passed arguments.</h1>
<?php
   echo "Argument-1:".$argument1."<br/>";
   echo "Argument-2:".$argument2."<br/>";
?>

通過訪問以下 URL http://localhost/cakephp4/tests/Virat/Kunal

輸出

執(zhí)行后，上述 URL 將產(chǎn)生以下輸出。

生成 URL

這是 CakePHP 的一個很酷的功能。使用生成的 URL，我們可以輕松更改應用程序中 URL 的結構，而無需修改整個代碼。

url( string|array|null $url null , boolean $full false )

上面的函數(shù)將接受兩個參數(shù) -

• 第一個參數(shù)是一個數(shù)組，指定以下任意一項 - 'controller'、'action'、'plugin'。此外，您還可以提供路由元素或查詢字符串參數(shù)。如果是字符串，則可以給定任何有效 url 字符串的名稱。

• 如果為 true，完整的基本 URL 將被添加到結果中。默認為 false。

示例

在 config/routes.php 文件中進行更改，如以下程序所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
   $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/generate',['controller'=>'Generates','action'=>'show']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

Create a GeneratesController.php file at src/Controller/GeneratesController.php. Copy the following code in the controller file.

src/Controller/GeneratesController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
21
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class GeneratesController extends AppController {
   public function show()
   {
   }
}

Create a folder Generates at src/Template and under that folder, create a View file called show.php. Copy the following code in that file.

src/Template/Generates/show.php

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of Generating URLs<h1>

Execute the above example by visiting the following URL ?

http://localhost/cakephp4/generate

Output

The above URL will produce the following output ?

Redirect Routing

Redirect routing is useful, when we want to inform client applications that, this URL has been moved. The URL can be redirected using the following function ?

static Cake\Routing\Router::redirect($route, $url, $options =[])

There are three arguments to the above function as follows ?

• A string describing the template of the route.

• A URL to redirect to.

• An array matching the named elements in the route to regular expressions which that element should match.

Example

Make Changes in the config/routes.php file as shown below. Here, we have used controllers that were created previously.

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
   $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/generate',['controller'=>'Generates','action'=>'show']);
   $builder->redirect('/redirect','https://tutorialspoint.com/');
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

Execute the above example by visiting the following URLs.

URL 1 ? http://localhost/cakephp4/generate

Output for URL 1

URL 2 ? http://localhost/cakephp4/redirect

Output for URL 2

You will be redirected to https://tutorialspoint.com

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