setup.py是傳統(tǒng)Python打包配置文件，用于定義項(xiàng)目元數(shù)據(jù)、依賴和構(gòu)建流程，使用setuptools編寫為Python腳本；pyproject.toml是現(xiàn)代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置文件，依據(jù)PEP 518引入，以TOML格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)需求并提升安全性。1. setup.py支持項(xiàng)目名稱、版本、包列表、依賴（install_requires）及命令行入口點(diǎn)（entry points），但因其執(zhí)行任意代碼存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；2. pyproject.toml通過[build-system]與[project]等字段聲明構(gòu)建后端與項(xiàng)目信息，避免運(yùn)行任意代碼從而更安全；3. 新項(xiàng)目應(yīng)優(yōu)先使用pyproject.toml，因其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高且兼容主流工具，而setup.py仍適用于維護(hù)舊項(xiàng)目或需定制構(gòu)建流程的場(chǎng)景。

When you're getting ready to package a Python project, two key files often come into play: setup.py and pyproject.toml. These files help define your project's metadata, dependencies, and build process. They tell tools like pip, setuptools, and poetry how to handle your code when someone wants to install or distribute it.

Let’s go over what each one does and when you might want to use them.

What is setup.py used for?

setup.py has long been the standard configuration file for Python packages. It's a Python script that uses the setuptools library to define how your package should be built and installed.

It typically includes things like:

• Project name and version
• List of packages to include
• Dependencies (install_requires)
• Entry points for command-line scripts

For example, a minimal setup.py might look like this:

from setuptools import setup, find_packages

setup(
    name='my_project',
    version='0.1.0',
    packages=find_packages(),
    install_requires=[
        'requests',
    ],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'mycli=my_project.cli:main',
        ],
    },
)

This gives packaging tools everything they need to bundle and install your project.

However, because it's a full Python script, it can also run arbitrary code during installation — which can be both powerful and risky.

What is pyproject.toml for?

pyproject.toml is a newer, more standardized way to configure Python projects. It was introduced by PEP 518 to define build system requirements in a format that's easier to parse and safer than running Python code.

At its core, pyproject.toml tells tools like pip what backend to use for building your package — usually setuptools or poetry.

Here’s a basic example using setuptools:

[build-system]
requires = ["setuptools>=46.4.0", "wheel"]
build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta:__getbuidl_backend"

[project]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
dependencies = [
    "requests",
]

You can also add extra sections for testing, linting, or dependency management depending on your toolchain.

One big benefit of pyproject.toml is that it avoids running arbitrary code during installation, making builds more predictable and secure.

When to use setup.py vs pyproject.toml

If you're starting a new project today, go with pyproject.toml. It's the modern standard and supported by most tools now.

But there are still cases where setup.py comes in handy:

• You're maintaining an older project that already uses it
• You need to customize the build process in ways not yet supported by pyproject.toml
• You're using plugins or hooks that rely on setup.py behavior

Some tools, like poetry or flit, only work with pyproject.toml, so if you're using those, you don’t need setup.py at all.

A few small but important details

• If you have both setup.py and pyproject.toml, some tools may prioritize one over the other — check your documentation.
• The [project] section in pyproject.toml replaces much of what used to go in setup.py.
• Always pin versions in your build requirements (setuptools, wheel, etc.) to avoid unexpected changes.

So, whether you're publishing a package or just organizing your codebase, choosing between setup.py and pyproject.toml depends on your needs and tooling. But for most people these days, pyproject.toml is the better choice.

基本上就這些。

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