Java應(yīng)用連接MySQL通常使用JDBC，具體步驟如下：1. 添加MySQL JDBC驅(qū)動依賴（如Maven配置）或手動添加JAR；2. 確保MySQL服務(wù)運行并準(zhǔn)備好連接信息（主機(jī)、端口、數(shù)據(jù)庫名、用戶名和密碼）；3. 使用DriverManager.getConnection()建立連接，并注意JDBC URL格式及自動驅(qū)動加載特性；4. 通過Statement或PreparedStatement執(zhí)行查詢和操作，優(yōu)先使用PreparedStatement防止SQL注入；5. 正確關(guān)閉ResultSet、Statement和Connection避免資源泄漏；6. 解決常見問題如ClassNotFoundException、SQLException、時區(qū)警告和SSL錯誤可通過檢查依賴、URL參數(shù)及外部測試排除。

Java apps hooking up to MySQL is pretty standard these days. If you're dealing with anything from a basic app to something more complex, connecting Java to MySQL usually involves JDBC (Java Database Connectivity). Let’s walk through how that works in practice.

Setting Up the Environment

First things first — make sure your project has access to the MySQL JDBC driver. If you're using Maven or Gradle, just add the dependency. For example, in Maven:

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.33</version>
</dependency>

If not, download the JAR manually and add it to your build path. Also, confirm that your MySQL server is running and accessible. You’ll need the host address, port (usually 3306), database name, username, and password handy before moving forward.

Establishing the Connection

To connect Java to MySQL, use DriverManager.getConnection(). The connection string follows a specific format:

jdbc:mysql://[host]:[port]/[database]?user=[username]&password=[password]

Here's a simple example:

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(
    "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb", "root", "password");

A few things to watch for:

• Make sure the JDBC URL matches your setup.
• Older versions of MySQL drivers required you to explicitly load the driver class using Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"), but newer ones handle this automatically.
• Always close connections when done — use try-with-resources where possible.

Handling Queries and Results

Once connected, you can execute queries using Statement or PreparedStatement. Use executeQuery() for SELECT statements and executeUpdate() for INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE.

For example:

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT id, name FROM users");

while (rs.next()) {
    int id = rs.getInt("id");
    String name = rs.getString("name");
    System.out.println("User: "   name);
}

A few tips:

• Prefer PreparedStatement over regular Statement to prevent SQL injection.
• Always validate and clean input before passing it into a query.
• Don't forget to close ResultSet, Statement, and Connection objects to avoid leaks.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Some common problems pop up when connecting Java to MySQL:

• ClassNotFoundException: Missing JDBC driver. Double-check dependencies.
• SQLException: Usually related to incorrect credentials, wrong URL, or network issues.
• Timezone errors: Add serverTimezone=UTC to the JDBC URL if you see warnings about time zones.
• SSL connection errors: If SSL isn’t needed, append useSSL=false to the connection string.

Also, test connectivity outside Java first — try connecting via MySQL Workbench or command line to rule out configuration issues on the DB side.

基本上就這些。

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