iframe標(biāo)簽用于在當(dāng)前網(wǎng)頁中嵌入其他文檔，常用于展示視頻、地圖或廣告等內(nèi)容，但其存在安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括點(diǎn)擊劫持、跨站腳本攻擊和數(shù)據(jù)泄露。為提升安全性，應(yīng)使用sandbox屬性限制功能、謹(jǐn)慎設(shè)置allow屬性、避免加載不可信來源，并配置內(nèi)容安全策略（CSP）。在重視性能、可訪問性或涉及敏感操作時應(yīng)避免使用iframe。

The HTML <iframe></iframe> tag is used to embed another document within the current webpage. It’s commonly seen for things like embedding videos, maps, or ads from external sources. While useful, it also comes with some security risks that are important to understand.

What Does the <iframe></iframe> Tag Do?

The <iframe></iframe> (inline frame) tag allows you to load a separate HTML document inside a window or section of your current page. For example, many websites use iframes to display YouTube videos or embedded Google Maps without linking away from their site.

You can control the size, source URL, and even allow certain features like fullscreen playback using attributes like src, width, height, and allowfullscreen.

A basic example looks like this:

<iframe src="https://example.com" width="600"    style="max-width:90%"></iframe>

This will show content from example.com directly on your page.

Why Can Iframes Be a Security Risk?

Iframes aren’t inherently dangerous, but because they load external content into your page, they can open the door to a few types of attacks:

• Clickjacking: Attackers can hide malicious iframes over legitimate buttons or links, tricking users into clicking something they didn’t intend to.
• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): If the iframe source isn't trusted or properly sanitized, attackers might inject harmful scripts.
• Data leakage: If an iframe loads content from a different domain, it may have access to cookies or other sensitive data if not configured securely.

It's especially risky when a site allows user-generated content to include iframes — for example, in comments or forum posts — without filtering where they point to.

How to Use Iframes More Securely

There are a few best practices you can follow to reduce the risks:

• Use the sandbox attribute – This limits what the iframe can do, like preventing it from submitting forms or running scripts.

  Example:

  <iframe src="https://example.com" sandbox></iframe>

• Set allow attributes carefully – You can allow specific capabilities like fullscreen while keeping others restricted.

• Avoid loading untrusted sources – Only embed content from domains you trust. Don’t let users input arbitrary URLs unless you validate them.

• Use Content Security Policy (CSP) – On the server side, set CSP headers to restrict which domains are allowed to be embedded via iframe.

These steps won’t eliminate all risk, but they make exploitation much harder.

When Should You Avoid Using Iframes?

While iframes are handy, there are situations where it’s better to avoid them altogether:

• If performance matters a lot — iframes can slow down page load times.
• If accessibility is a priority — screen readers sometimes struggle with iframes.
• If you’re dealing with highly sensitive actions — like payments or account settings — avoid embedding those in iframes.

In these cases, consider alternatives like API integrations or server-side rendering.

基本上就這些。

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