CSS-Online-Handbuch
/ 媒體查詢
媒體查詢
響應式 Web 設計 - 媒體查詢
媒體(media)查詢在 CSS3 上有介紹：CSS3 @media 查詢。
使用 @media 查詢，你可以針對不同的媒體類型定義不同的樣式。
實例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>php 中文網</title>
<style>
body {
background-color:lightgreen;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 500px) {
body {
background-color:lightblue;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>重置瀏覽器大小，當文檔的寬度小于 500 像素，背景會變?yōu)闇\藍色，否則為淺綠色。</p>
</body>
</html>運行實例 ?
點擊 "運行實例" 按鈕查看在線實例
添加斷點
在先前的教程中我們使用行和列來制作網頁，它是響應式的，但在小屏幕上并不能友好的展示。
媒體查詢可以幫我們解決這個問題。我們可以在設計稿的中間添加斷點，不同的斷點有不同的效果。
桌面設備
手機設備
使用媒體查詢在 768px 添加斷點：
實例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>php 中文網</title>
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header {
background-color: #9933cc;
color: #ffffff;
padding: 15px;
}
.menu ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.menu li {
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 7px;
background-color :#33b5e5;
color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.menu li:hover {
background-color: #0099cc;
}
.aside {
background-color: #33b5e5;
padding: 15px;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.footer {
background-color: #0099cc;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 15px;
}
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
/* For mobile phones: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 menu">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-6">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-3 right">
<div class="aside">
<h2>What?</h2>
<p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p>
<h2>Where?</h2>
<p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>
<h2>How?</h2>
<p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>運行實例 ?
點擊 "運行實例" 按鈕查看在線實例
為移動端優(yōu)先設計
移動端優(yōu)先意味著在設計桌面和其他設備時優(yōu)先考慮移動端的設計。
這就意味著我們必須對 CSS 做一些改變。
我們在屏幕小于 768px 進行樣式修改，同樣在屏幕寬度大于 768px 時也需要修改樣式。以下是移動端優(yōu)先實例：
/* 為移動端設計: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
其他斷點
你可以根據(jù)自己的需要添加斷點。
我們同樣可以為平板設備和移動手機設備設置斷點。
桌面設備
平板設備
手機設備
在屏幕為 600px 時添加媒體查詢，并設置新的樣式（屏幕大于600px但小于768px）：
實例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>php 中文網</title>
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header {
background-color: #9933cc;
color: #ffffff;
padding: 15px;
}
.menu ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.menu li {
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 7px;
background-color :#33b5e5;
color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.menu li:hover {
background-color: #0099cc;
}
.aside {
background-color: #33b5e5;
padding: 15px;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.footer {
background-color: #0099cc;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 15px;
}
/* For mobile phones: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {
/* For tablets: */
.col-m-12 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-m-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-m-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-m-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-m-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-m-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-m-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-m-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-m-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-m-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-m-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-m-12 {width: 100%;}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-m-3 menu">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">
<div class="aside">
<h2>What?</h2>
<p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p>
<h2>Where?</h2>
<p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>
<h2>How?</h2>
<p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>運行實例 ?
點擊 "運行實例" 按鈕查看在線實例
以上代碼看起來很多余，但是他可以根據(jù)屏幕大小自動設置不同的樣式，所以還是非常必要的。
HTML 實例
針對桌面設備:
第一和第三部分跨越 3 列。中間部分跨域 6 列。
針對平板設備:
第一跨域 3列，第二部分跨越 9 列，第三部分跨域 12 列：
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-m-3">...</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">...</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">...</div>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-3">...</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">...</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">...</div>
</div>
方向：橫屏/豎屏
結合CSS媒體查詢,可以創(chuàng)建適應不同設備的方向(橫屏landscape、豎屏portrait等)的布局。
語法：
orientation：portrait | landscape
portrait：指定輸出設備中的頁面可見區(qū)域高度大于或等于寬度
landscape：除portrait值情況外，都是landscape
實例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>php 中文網</title>
<style>
body {
background-color: lightgreen;
}
@media only screen and (orientation: landscape) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>重置瀏覽器大小，當文檔的寬度大于高度時，背景會變?yōu)闇\藍色。否則為淺綠色。</p>
</body>
</html>運行實例 ?
點擊 "運行實例" 按鈕查看在線實例