SQL HAVING子句
HAVING 子句
在 SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是，WHERE 關(guān)鍵字無法與聚合函數(shù)一起使用。
HAVING 子句可以讓我們篩選分組后的各組數(shù)據(jù)。
SQL HAVING 語法
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value;
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value;
演示數(shù)據(jù)庫
在本教程中，我們將使用 php 樣本數(shù)據(jù)庫。
下面是選自 "Websites" 表的數(shù)據(jù)：
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name | url | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA |
| 2 | 淘寶 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN |
| 3 | php中文網(wǎng) | http://miracleart.cn/ | 4689 | CN |
| 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN |
| 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA |
| 7 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 0 | IND |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name | url | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA |
| 2 | 淘寶 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN |
| 3 | php中文網(wǎng) | http://miracleart.cn/ | 4689 | CN |
| 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN |
| 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA |
| 7 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 0 | IND |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
下面是 "access_log" 網(wǎng)站訪問記錄表的數(shù)據(jù)：
mysql> SELECT * FROM access_log;
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| aid | site_id | count | date |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| 1 | 1 | 45 | 2016-05-10 |
| 2 | 3 | 100 | 2016-05-13 |
| 3 | 1 | 230 | 2016-05-14 |
| 4 | 2 | 10 | 2016-05-14 |
| 5 | 5 | 205 | 2016-05-14 |
| 6 | 4 | 13 | 2016-05-15 |
| 7 | 3 | 220 | 2016-05-15 |
| 8 | 5 | 545 | 2016-05-16 |
| 9 | 3 | 201 | 2016-05-17 |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| aid | site_id | count | date |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| 1 | 1 | 45 | 2016-05-10 |
| 2 | 3 | 100 | 2016-05-13 |
| 3 | 1 | 230 | 2016-05-14 |
| 4 | 2 | 10 | 2016-05-14 |
| 5 | 5 | 205 | 2016-05-14 |
| 6 | 4 | 13 | 2016-05-15 |
| 7 | 3 | 220 | 2016-05-15 |
| 8 | 5 | 545 | 2016-05-16 |
| 9 | 3 | 201 | 2016-05-17 |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SQL HAVING 實(shí)例
現(xiàn)在我們想要查找總訪問量大于 200 的網(wǎng)站。
我們使用下面的 SQL 語句：
實(shí)例
SELECT Websites.name, Websites.url, SUM(access_log.count) AS nums FROM
(access_log
INNER JOIN Websites
ON access_log.site_id=Websites.id)
GROUP BY Websites.name
HAVING SUM(access_log.count) > 200;
INNER JOIN Websites
ON access_log.site_id=Websites.id)
GROUP BY Websites.name
HAVING SUM(access_log.count) > 200;
執(zhí)行以上 SQL 輸出結(jié)果如下：
現(xiàn)在我們想要查找總訪問量大于 200 的網(wǎng)站，并且 alexa 排名小于 200。
我們在 SQL 語句中增加一個(gè)普通的 WHERE 子句：
實(shí)例
SELECT Websites.name, SUM(access_log.count) AS nums FROM
Websites
INNER JOIN access_log
ON Websites.id=access_log.site_id
WHERE Websites.alexa < 200
GROUP BY Websites.name
HAVING SUM(access_log.count) > 200;
INNER JOIN access_log
ON Websites.id=access_log.site_id
WHERE Websites.alexa < 200
GROUP BY Websites.name
HAVING SUM(access_log.count) > 200;
執(zhí)行以上 SQL 輸出結(jié)果如下：
