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How can I generate truly uniform random numbers within a specific range in C ?
How can I generate truly uniform random numbers within a specific range in C ?
Dec 25, 2024 pm 03:58 PM
Generate Random Numbers Uniformly Over an Entire Range
To generate random numbers within a specified interval [min, max] uniformly, the following guidelines should be considered:
Avoid Using rand() and Modulo Operator
Using rand() and the modulo operator, as demonstrated in the given code snippet, may not produce uniformly distributed random numbers. It depends on the range and the value of RAND_MAX.
C 11 Uniform Integer Distribution
With C 11, you can utilize std::uniform_int_distribution to generate random numbers within a range:
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
int main() {
const int range_from = 0;
const int range_to = 1000;
std::random_device rand_dev;
std::mt19937 generator(rand_dev());
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> distr(range_from, range_to);
std::cout << distr(generator) << '\n';
}
Other Random Number Generators
C 11 provides additional random number generators with various distributions, such as Bernoulli, Poisson, and normal.
Shuffling Containers
To shuffle a container randomly, use std::shuffle:
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
int main() {
std::vector<int> vec = {4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42};
std::random_device random_dev;
std::mt19937 generator(random_dev());
std::shuffle(vec.begin(), vec.end(), generator);
std::for_each(vec.begin(), vec.end(), [](auto i){std::cout << i << '\n';});
}
Boost.Random
If C 11 is not available, you can use Boost.Random, which offers an interface similar to C 11's random number generation facilities.
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