


How to Securely Hash Passwords in PHP While Balancing Speed and Security?
Dec 28, 2024 pm 04:02 PMSecure Password Hashing with Salts in PHP
Question:
- What are the best practices for secure password protection in PHP, considering the limitations of MD5 and the need for balance between speed and security?
Answer:
Hashing Mechanism and Salt
- In PHP, bcrypt is the recommended password hashing mechanism. It uses a computationally intensive function called blowfish, making it difficult to brute-force passwords.
- A salt is a random value added to the password before hashing, which prevents identical passwords from producing the same hash. It improves security against rainbow table attacks.
- Good salts have high entropy, ensuring uniqueness and unpredictability.
Choosing a Hashing Function
- Bcrypt is the most secure option.
- If bcrypt is unavailable, use scrypt, PBKDF2 with SHA2 hashes, or PHPASS (legacy option).
Best Practices
- Avoid restricting password characters or length.
- Enforce a reasonable minimum password length (e.g., 10 characters).
- Require a combination of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols to increase password entropy.
- Reset passwords after database compromises.
Additional Considerations
- Storing multiple hashed passwords (e.g., using different algorithms) is not recommended as it adds complexity without significant security benefits.
- Avoid using hash() with bcrypt, as it requires hex or base64 encoding to prevent the introduction of rogue characters that weaken security.
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