<p>This article explores Medoo, a lightweight PHP database abstraction library. Its key features include multi-database support (MySQL, MariaDB, Sybase, MS SQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle), built-in SQL injection prevention via PDO, and an intuitive API. While not revolutionary, its simplicity and ease of use make it a compelling option.</p> <p><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173992867159912.jpg" class="lazy" alt="Getting Started with Medoo - Examples of Use "></p> <p><strong>Key Advantages:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Lightweight and efficient PHP database interaction.</li> <li>Supports diverse database systems.</li> <li>User-friendly API for simplified database operations.</li> <li>Secure against SQL injection vulnerabilities.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Installation (Recommended):</strong></p> <p>Use Composer for seamless installation and updates: <code>composer require catfan/medoo</code></p> <p><strong>Database Connection:</strong></p> <p>Instantiate Medoo by providing a configuration array:</p> <pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>$db = new medoo([ 'database_type' => 'mysql', 'database_name' => 'pokemon', 'server' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'ash_ketchum', 'password' => 'pikachu' ]);</pre> <p>Remember to adjust the port if necessary (default is 3306).</p> <p><strong>Data Retrieval (SELECT):</strong></p> <p>Medoo's <code>select</code> method facilitates data retrieval. Arguments include the table name, optional join conditions, fields to select, and optional <code>where</code> clauses.</p> <p>Example: Selecting Kanto trainers:</p> <pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>$trainers = $db->select('trainers', ['id', 'name', 'pokemon_count', 'region'], ['region' => 'Kanto']);</pre> <p>Complex conditions are easily implemented using <code>AND</code>, <code>OR</code>, and relational operators (<code>[></code>, <code>[<]</code>, <code>[>=]</code>, <code>[<=]</code>, <code>[!=]</code>, <code>[]</code>):</p> <pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>$trainers = $db->select('trainers', ['id', 'name', 'trainers_defeated', 'region'], ['AND' => ['trainers_defeated[>]' => 150, 'region' => 'Johto']]);</pre> <p>The <code>get</code> method retrieves a single row:</p> <pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>$most_caught = $db->get('trainers', ['name', 'pokemon_count'], ['ORDER' => 'pokemon_count DESC']);</pre> <p>Raw SQL queries are possible using <code>query</code> and <code>fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)</code>:</p> <pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>$trainer_count_per_region = $db->query('SELECT COUNT(name) as trainers, region FROM trainers GROUP BY region')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);</pre> <p>Joins are supported using <code>[></code>, <code><</code>, <code><></code>:</p> <pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>$pokemon_types = $db->select('pokemon', ['[>'=>['type_id'=>'id']], ['pokemon.name', 'types.name(type)']);</pre> <p><strong>Data Manipulation:</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>INSERT:</strong> The <code>insert</code> method adds new records. It supports single and multiple inserts.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>UPDATE:</strong> The <code>update</code> method modifies existing records. It allows for simple updates and mathematical operations (<code>[ ]</code>, <code>[-]</code>, <code>[*]</code>, <code>[/]</code>).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>DELETE:</strong> The <code>delete</code> method removes records based on specified conditions.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Aggregate Functions:</strong></p> <p>Medoo provides <code>count</code>, <code>max</code>, <code>min</code>, <code>avg</code>, and <code>sum</code> for aggregate operations. Conditions can be added as a final argument.</p> <p><strong>Debugging:</strong></p> <p>Use <code>error()</code> to check for errors and <code>last_query()</code> to examine the last executed SQL statement.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong></p> <p>Medoo offers a streamlined approach to PHP database interaction, balancing simplicity with functionality. Its lightweight nature and straightforward API make it an attractive choice for many projects. Further details are available in the official Medoo documentation.</p>

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