There is no absolute best MySQL database backup and recovery solution, and it needs to be selected based on the amount of data, business importance, RTO and RPO. 1. Logical backup (mysqldump) is simple and easy to use, suitable for small databases, but slow and huge files; 2. Physical backup (xtrabackup) is fast, suitable for large databases, but is more complicated to use. The backup strategy needs to consider the backup frequency (RPO decision), backup method (data quantity and time requirement decision) and storage location (off-site storage is more secure), and regularly test the backup and recovery process to avoid backup file corruption, permission problems, insufficient storage space, network interruption and untested issues, and ensure data security.

MySQL database backup and recovery: the advanced path from a novices to an experienced driver

Many friends will face a headache after installing MySQL: database backup and recovery. This is not a joke. If the database is lost, your data will be gone! In this article, let’s discuss in-depth MySQL backup and recovery. It not only teaches you how to do it, but more importantly, teaches you why you do it, and those pitfalls that you may not find online.

Let’s talk about the conclusion first: There is no absolute "best" in MySQL’s backup and recovery plan, only the one that suits you the most. When choosing a plan, you should consider your data volume, the business importance of the database, the recovery time objective (RTO) and the recovery point objective (RPO).

Basic knowledge lays the foundation: You need to know these

MySQL provides a variety of backup and recovery methods, the most commonly used ones include logical backups (such as using mysqldump ) and physical backups (such as using xtrabackup ). Logical backup is to export database data in the form of SQL statements, while physical backup is to directly copy database files.

mysqldump tool is probably familiar to everyone. It is simple and easy to use and is suitable for small-scale databases or scenarios where data integrity is not very high. However, it has relatively slow backup speeds, and for large databases, backup files can be very huge and recovery time may be relatively long.

xtrabackup is a powerful physical backup tool. It supports incremental backup, fast backup speed and faster recovery speed, especially suitable for large databases. However, its use is a little more complicated and requires a certain learning cost.

Core: The Art of Backup Strategy

Don't think that everything will be fine if you backup it casually. A good backup strategy requires a lot of factors to be considered.

First, you need to determine the frequency of backups. Backup every day? Weekly backup? Or more frequently? It depends on how often your data changes and how much data loss is tolerated. The lower the RPO, the higher the backup frequency.

You then need to choose the appropriate backup method. Logical or physical backup? It depends on your data volume, backup time and recovery time requirements. For large databases, physical backups are usually better options.

In addition, you need to consider the storage location of the backup. It is best to store the backup files in a different location than the database server to prevent server failure from losing backup files. Cloud storage is a good choice, both safe and convenient.

Lastly, don't forget to test your backup and recovery process regularly! The knowledge you get from paper is always shallow, and you must practice it yourself to know it. Only by actually testing can you make sure your backup strategy is effective.

Practical exercises: code examples and advanced skills

mysqldump example:

 <code class="sql">mysqldump -u root -p your_database_name > backup.sql</code> 

Remember to replace your_database_name with your database name, and you will be prompted to enter your password later on -p . This command will back up the entire database to the backup.sql file.

xtrabackup example (requires to install percona-xtrabackup ):

 <code class="bash">innobackupex --user=root --password=your_password /path/to/backup/directory</code> 

This command will perform a complete physical backup. There are many parameters of innobackupex command, which can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, you can use the --incremental parameter for incremental backups, thereby saving storage space and backup time.

Recover data: The savior at critical moments

The method of restoring data depends on the backup method you use. The recovery of mysqldump is very simple. You can just use the mysql command to import backup.sql file. The recovery of xtrabackup is slightly more complicated and requires the use of xtrabackup 's prepare and copy-back commands.

Training the pit guide: Avoid unnecessary trouble

• Backup file corruption: Regularly verify the integrity of backup files.
• Permissions Issue: Ensure that the user who backup and restore operations has sufficient permissions.
• Insufficient storage space: plan the storage space in advance.
• Network Problems: Network interruptions may result in failure during backup and recovery.
• Forgot to test: This is probably the fatal mistake.

In short, the backup and recovery of MySQL database is a systematic project that requires careful consideration of all aspects. Select the right backup strategy and test it regularly to ensure that your data is safe. I hope this article can help you to upgrade to an old driver from MySQL backup and restore a newbie!

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