How do I use route model binding in a controller?
Jun 12, 2025 pm 08:13 PM
Using routing model binding in Laravel automatically parses model instances to avoid manual queries. Implicit binding automatically obtains the model by matching the route parameter name and type prompt; explicit binding allows custom parsing logic, such as using slug instead of id; directly type prompting the model in the controller method can use binding instances; additional constraints such as ownership verification can be handled through middleware or custom binding logic.
In Laravel, using route model binding in a controller is a clean and efficient way to inject model instances directly into your routes. Instead of manually fetching models by their ID from the request, Laravel can automatically resolve them based on the route parameter. This not only makes your code cleaner but also helps prevent unnecessary boilerplate.
Understanding Implicit vs Explicit Route Model Binding
There are two types of route model binding in Laravel: implicit and explicit .
Implicit Binding : Laravel automatically resolves the model by the route parameter name. For example, if your route is
/posts/{post}, and your controller method type-hintsPost $post, Laravel will fetch the Post model with the matching ID from the database.Explicit Binding : You define how Laravel should resolve a given route parameter. This is useful when you want to use a different column (like a slug) instead of the default
id. You'd typically set this up in thebootmethod of yourRouteServiceProvider.
Here's how both work:
-
With implicit binding:
Route::get('/posts/{post}', [PostController::class, 'show']);And in your controller:
public function show(Post $post) { return view('posts.show', compact('post')); } If you're using slugs or another field:
Route::get('/posts/{slug}', [PostController::class, 'show']);You'd need to bind it explicitly:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
public function boot() { Route::model('slug', \App\Models\Post::class); }
### Using Route Model Binding in Controllers
Once you've defined your routes correctly, using the bound model in your controller methods become straightforward.
Just type-hint the model in the method signature like so:
```php
public function edit(Post $post)
{
return view('posts.edit', compact('post'));
} Laravel will automatically fetch the instance for you. You can then use it directly — no need to call Post::find() or similar.
Some practical tips:
- Make sure the variable name in the route (
{post}) matches the type-hinted parameter name in the controller ($post). Otherwise, Laravel won't be able to bind it. - If no model is found, Laravel will throw a 404 exception automatically — no need to check for nulls unless you want custom behavior.
- You can still access other request data via the
Requestobject even while using model binding.
Handling Scoping and Custom Resolution Logic
Sometimes you might want to scope the model query further — for example, making sure a user owns a specific resource before allowing them to edit it.
One common approach is to combine middleware with model binding:
public function update(Request $request, Post $post)
{
// First, check ownership
if ($post->user_id !== $request->user()->id) {
abort(403, 'Unauthorized action.');
}
// Proceed with update logic...
}Alternatively, you can customize how Laravel resolves the model by using custom resolution logic in your service provider:
Route::bind('post', function ($value) {
return \App\Models\Post::where('id', $value)->firstOrFail();
});This gives you full control over how models are fetched — handy if you want to eager load relationships or apply additional constraints during resolution.
That's the core of how to use route model binding in controllers. It's powerful once you get used to the pattern, and it really cuts down on relative code. Just make sure your naming stays consistent, and don't forget to handle edge cases like ownership checks separately.
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