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Table of Contents
Use parameterized queries (Prepared Statements)
Filter and verify user input
Minimum permission principle and error message control
Use mature frameworks and libraries
Home Database Mysql Tutorial What is SQL Injection and how to prevent it simply?

What is SQL Injection and how to prevent it simply?

Jun 18, 2025 am 12:09 AM
sql injection Safety precautions

The key to preventing SQL injection is to standardize input and use the database operation correctly. The main methods include: 1. Use parameterized queries to separate SQL statements from user input to prevent malicious code execution; 2. Filter and verify user input, limit and verify data types; 3. Follow the principle of minimum permissions, control database account permissions and hide detailed error information; 4. Use mature frameworks and libraries, relying on default security mechanisms such as ORM or parameterized queries. As long as it is developed according to the recommended method, it can effectively prevent the risk of SQL injection.

What is SQL Injection and how to prevent it simply?

SQL Injection is a common cybersecurity vulnerability in which an attacker manipulates the database to perform unexpected operations by inserting malicious SQL code into the input box. For example, bypass login verification, delete data, and even obtain permissions to the entire database.

Preventing SQL injection is not complicated. The key is to standardize user input and use database operations correctly. Here are some practical and easy-to-get-ready methods:


Use parameterized queries (Prepared Statements)

This is the most effective and recommended approach. Parameterized query processes SQL statements and user input data separately to ensure that user input is not executed as SQL commands.

For example:
If you write a statement like this (pseudocode):

 query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '" input_username "'";

Then the user can bypass verification by just entering ' OR '1'='1 .

The parameterization method should be like this:

 query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?";
execute(query, [input_username]);

This way, no matter what the user inputs, it will be processed as a string value instead of an SQL command.

There are many languages ??and frameworks that support parameterized queries, such as PDO in PHP, Python's cursor.execute() , various ORMs in Node.js, etc.


Filter and verify user input

Although parameterized queries have already solved the problem well, adding a layer of input filtering and verification can increase security.

  • For fields of numeric types, cast to integers or floating-point numbers.
  • For string types, limit length, remove special characters, or allow specific characters using whitelisting.
  • The fields such as login name, email address, and phone number can be verified according to the format, such as the email address must contain @ , the phone number can only be a number, etc.

This is not a omnipotent defense method, but it is quite useful as a second layer of protection.


Minimum permission principle and error message control

Do not use root or admin permissions to connect to the application for database accounts. Assign each application a minimum permission account, allowing access to only necessary tables and operations. In this way, even if it is attacked, the scope of influence will be limited.

In addition, avoid exposing detailed database error information to users. For example, information like "You have an error in your SQL syntax..." is a prompt for attackers, and they should return to a common error page or prompt.


Use mature frameworks and libraries

Modern development frameworks (such as Django, Laravel, Spring Boot, etc.) all use secure database operation methods by default, such as ORM or parameterized queries. If you are not writing the underlying logic from scratch, using these tools directly can greatly reduce the possibility of errors.

Of course, the premise is that you have to use it in the way they recommend it, and don't splice SQL by yourself for "flexibility".


Basically that's it. SQL injection sounds scary, but it is not difficult to prevent as long as you develop the right programming habits.

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