How do I use Blade directives (e.g., @if, @foreach)?
Jun 18, 2025 am 12:20 AM
In Laravel's Blade template engine, @if is used for conditional logic, and @foreach is used to loop through arrays or collections. 1. When using @if, the basic syntax displays the content @endif for @if($condition), and supports @else and @elseif to implement multi-condition judgment; 2. When using @foreach, the content is output through @foreach($items as $item), and it is recommended to cooperate with @endforelse or @forelse to process empty data; 3. Other common instructions include @unless (opposite conditions), @isset (check whether the variable exists), @empty (check whether the variable is empty), @switch/@case (multiple condition matching), @auth/@guest (user authentication status judgment); 4. Notes include ensuring that the variable is defined, avoiding modifying data in the view, correctly closing instructions, and clearing caches to improve performance.
In Laravel's Blade templating engine, directives like @if , @foreach , and others are used to write clean conditional logic and loops inside your views. You don't need to write raw PHP — Blade handles it in a more readable way.
How to Use @if for Conditional Logic
Blade's @if directive works just like a regular PHP if statement but with cleaner syntax inside HTML templates.
Basic usage looks like this:
@if($condition)
<!-- Show something when true -->
@endif You can also add @else or @elseif :
@if($score > 90)
<p>Excellent!</p>
@elseif($score > 60)
<p>You passed.</p>
@else
<p>Try again.</p>
@endifThis is especially useful for showing different content blocks depending on user roles, data availability, or form validation results.
A common mistake is forgetting that variables must be defined in the controller or view composer. If $score isn't passed from the controller, you'll get an error.
Looping with @foreach (and What to Watch For)
The @foreach directive helps you loop through arrays or collections. It's most often used to display lists of items, such as blog posts or products.
Here's how it works:
@foreach($items as $item)
<div>{{ $item->name }}</div>
@endforeach If there's a chance the list could be empty, use @forelse instead:
@forelse($items as $item)
<div>{{ $item->name }}</div>
@empty
<p>No items found.</p>
@endforelse- Make sure
$itemsis not null before looping. - Avoid modifying data directly in the view — keep logic in controllers.
- You can access the loop index via
$loop->index,$loop->iteration, etc.
Some developers forget to check whether the variable is set or is actually an array/collection, which can cause errors.
Other Commonly Used Blade Directives
Besides @if and @foreach , here are a few other handy directives:
@unless: Opposite of@if. Runs when the condition is false.@unless(Auth::check()) Please log in. @endunless@isset: Checks if a variable is declared and not null.@empty: Checks if a variable is empty (null, empty string, empty array, etc).@switch/@case: Useful when handling multiple conditions on the same value.@auth/@guest: Shortand for checking user authentication status.- Always close your directives properly (
@endif,@endforeach, etc). - Don't overdo logic in views — keep complex logic in controllers or services.
- Use comments like
{{-- This is a Blade comment --}}for internal notes. - Blade caches compiled views by default — run
php artisan view:clearafter major template changes.
These directives help reduce inline PHP and make templates easier to read and maintain.
A Few Tips for Working With Blade Directives
Basically that's it.
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