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How do I use form request objects for validation? (php artisan make:request)
How do I use form request objects for validation? (php artisan make:request)
Jun 19, 2025 am 12:53 AM
Form request objects in Laravel provide a clean and organized way to handle validation by moving logic out of controllers. They are custom classes generated via php artisan make:request, stored in app/Http/Requests, and contain authorize() and rules() methods. Use them when forms have complex or reusable validation rules. 1) Create the form request with Artisan. 2) Define validation rules in rules(). 3) Type-hint the request in the controller method for automatic validation. 4) Customize error messages with messages(). 5) Handle conditional rules using sometimes() or closures. 6) Share common logic across requests via a base class. Authorization checks should be handled in authorize(), making form requests especially useful for applications with permission-based access.
When you're building forms in Laravel, using form request objects is a clean and organized way to handle validation. Instead of putting validation logic directly into your controllers, you move it into dedicated request classes, which keeps your codebase cleaner and easier to maintain.
Here’s how to make the most out of form request objects.
What Are Form Request Objects?
Form request objects are custom classes that encapsulate all the validation logic for a specific form. You generate them with the Artisan command php artisan make:request, and they live in the app/Http/Requests directory by default.
They’re especially useful when:
- Your form has complex or conditional validation rules.
- You want to reuse the same validation logic across multiple controllers.
- You want to keep your controller methods slim and focused on handling business logic.
How to Create a Form Request
Use this simple Artisan command:
php artisan make:request StoreUserRequest
This creates a new file at app/Http/Requests/StoreUserRequest.php. It comes with two main methods: authorize() and rules().
- authorize() determines whether the user is allowed to make this request (e.g., based on permissions).
- rules() returns an array of validation rules.
Here's a basic example:
public function rules()
{
return [
'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
'password' => 'required|min:6',
];
}You can also use Rule objects or closures for more advanced validation.
How to Use the Form Request in a Controller
Once created, you can type-hint the form request class in your controller method. Laravel will automatically validate the incoming request before the method runs.
For example:
use App\Http\Requests\StoreUserRequest;
public function store(StoreUserRequest $request)
{
// Validation passed, proceed with creating the user
User::create($request->validated());
return redirect()->route('users.index');
}If validation fails, Laravel will automatically respond with a 422 status and error messages — no need to manually check $request->validate().
Tips for Using Form Requests Effectively
-
Customize error messages: Override the
messages()method in your form request to define custom error messages per rule. -
Conditional rules: Use the
sometimes()method or closures insiderules()for dynamic validation. - Shared setup: If multiple form requests share logic, create a base form request class and extend it.
-
Authorization checks: Don’t forget to update the
authorize()method if your app uses policies or gates.
That’s basically how form request objects work in Laravel. They might seem like extra files at first, but once your forms get more complex, they really help keep things manageable.
Give them a try next time you're setting up a form — they’re not hard to use, just easy to overlook.
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