What are route middleware in Laravel?
Jun 21, 2025 am 12:30 AM
Laravel's routing middleware is a mechanism for filtering HTTP requests. It is divided into global middleware and routing middleware, where the routing middleware is bound to a specific route, and is registered in app/Http/Kernel.php, such as 'auth' and 'admin', and is applied using the middleware method in the route definition or controller constructor; common uses include authentication checking, permission control, logging, request frequency limit, etc.; for example, creating CheckAdmin middleware and implementing judgment logic through the handle method; middleware also supports parameter passing, such as passing parameters through 'role:editor,admin' and receiving in the handle method to achieve more flexible permission control. Routing middleware can effectively improve project structure clarity and security.
Laravel's Route Middleware is a mechanism used to filter HTTP requests into an application. You can think of it as a door, and only requests that meet certain conditions can continue to move down through this door.
For example, you have a background management page that only hopes that users who have logged in can access it. At this time, you can use middleware to authenticate, and those who are not logged in can be blocked directly.
How to define and use routing middleware
In Laravel, middleware is divided into two types: global middleware and routing middleware. Here we focus on routing middleware , that is, the kind that is bound to a specific route.
You can register middleware in app/Http/Kernel.php file. For example:
protected $routeMiddleware = [
'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
'admin' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAdmin::class,
];Then add this middleware when defining the route:
Route::get('/dashboard', function () {
// Only users who pass the auth middleware can access it})->middleware('auth');Or you can add:
public function __construct()
{
$this->middleware('auth');
}Common Middleware uses and examples
The most common uses of routing middleware include:
- Authentication check (such as
auth) - Permission control (such as
adminor not) - Logging or request timing
- Limit access frequency (such as preventing flashing interfaces)
To give a simple example, you want to make a middleware to determine whether the user has administrator privileges:
Create middleware with Artisan:
php artisan make:middleware CheckAdmin
Write logic in middleware:
public function handle($request, Closure $next) { if (! $request->user()->isAdmin()) { return redirect('/home'); } return $next($request); }Register the middleware and apply it to the route and it is done.
Parameter transfer and more flexible control
Middleware can also receive parameters. For example, you have a middleware that is used to check the user role, and you can pass parameters like this:
->middleware('role:editor,admin')
These parameters can be obtained in the middleware code:
public function handle($request, Closure $next, $role)
{
if (! $request->user()->hasRole($role)) {
return redirect('/no-access');
}
return $next($request);
}This writing method is very practical when different permissions are required to be controlled according to different routes.
Basically that's it. The routing middleware does not seem complicated, but if used properly, it can greatly improve the structural clarity and security of the project, especially in terms of permission control.
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