How to create threads in Java programming?
Jul 05, 2025 am 01:48 AM
There are two main ways to create threads in Java: inherit the Thread class and implement the Runnable interface. 1. To inherit the Thread class, you need to define a subclass and override the run() method, and start a thread through start(), which is suitable for simple tasks but is limited by the Java single inheritance mechanism; 2. To implement the Runnable interface to separate tasks from threads, run Runnable instances through Thread, support more flexible design and can be used in combination with thread pools; in addition, Java 8 can also simplify the writing of one-time tasks with Lambda expressions. Be careful not to call run() directly, avoid repeated starts, reasonably naming threads, and understand the priority scheduling mechanism.
There are two main ways to create threads in Java programming: inheriting Thread class and implementing the Runnable interface. These two methods have their own applicable scenarios, and understanding their differences and usage methods is the basis for writing concurrent programs.
Create threads using Thread class
The most direct way is to define a class that inherits Thread and then rewrite run() method. Then create an instance of the class and call start() method to start the thread.
for example:
class MyThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running");
}
}
// Create and start the thread MyThread t = new MyThread();
t.start(); The advantage of this approach is that it is clear structure and suitable for simple tasks. But the disadvantages are also obvious: Java does not support multiple inheritance. If other classes have been inherited, Thread cannot be inherited, which will limit flexibility.
Implementing the Runnable interface
A more common approach is to implement the Runnable interface. You can encapsulate the task logic in run() method and run it through Thread object.
Example:
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Task execution");
}
}
// Start the thread Thread t = new Thread(new MyRunnable());
t.start();The advantage of this approach is that it decouples the tasks from the thread itself, which is more suitable for interface-oriented programming. In addition, thread pools can be combined to reuse thread resources to improve performance.
Simplify code using Lambda Expressions (Java 8)
If you are using Java 8 or later, you can use Lambda expressions to make the code more concise:
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("Start thread through Lambda");
});
t.start();This eliminates the step of defining classes separately, which is particularly suitable for one-time small tasks.
Some precautions for thread startup
- Don't call the run() method directly : calling
run()is just a normal method call and will not open a new thread. - Avoid repeated startup of threads : A thread can only start once, and multiple calls
start()will throw an exception. - Setting the thread name helps debugging : threads can be named by
thread.setName("my-worker"). - Priority is not an absolute guarantee : although thread priority can be set, the final scheduling is determined by the operating system.
Basically that's it. Once you master the basic methods of creating threads, you can start trying more complex concurrency control mechanisms.
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