go generate is a command used in the Go toolchain to automatically execute code generation. It calls external tools through the //go:generate annotation instruction to reduce duplicate labor and improve development efficiency. 1. It can be used to automatically generate mock files, such as the mock implementation of using mockgen to generate interfaces; 2. Use stringer to generate String() method for enumeration types; 3. Use scripts or template engines to generate code based on configuration. Notes include: not relying on the generation order, ensuring that the commands are portable, adding generate to the CI/CD process, and clear comments for easy maintenance.
Go generate is a very practical but often underestimated feature in the Go toolchain. It allows you to automatically run code generation tools through comment instructions, thereby reducing duplicate labor and improving development efficiency. If used well, it can make your project structure clearer and easier to maintain.

The following is a few common usage scenarios and talk about how to use go generate.
What is go generate?
go generate
is a Go command used to execute comment instructions in the source code starting with //go:generate
. These instructions can call any command, such as generating code, processing templates, running scripts, etc.

It won't run automatically in go build
or go run
and needs to be executed manually:
go generate
You can also specify packages:

go generate ./...
To batch generate content in all subpackages.
How to use go generate in a project?
1. Automatically generate mock files (commonly used for testing)
If you are writing unit tests, you often need to use the mock implementation of the interface. Tools like gomock can automatically generate mock code in combination with go generate
.
For example:
//go:generate mockgen -source=service.go -destination=mocks/service_mock.go -package=mocks
This line of comments will automatically generate a mock implementation of the service interface to the specified directory when running go generate
.
Tips: It is recommended to put mockgen in
go:generate
comment and write the parameters clearly, so that others can know how to generate them at a glance, and there is no need to check the documents.
2. Use stringer to generate string description
The Go standard library provides a tool called stringer
that can generate String()
methods for enumeration types.
For example, you have a type like this:
type Status int const ( Pending Status = iota Approved Rejected )
Add this line of comments:
//go:generate stringer -type=Status
After running go generate
, a status_string.go
file will be generated, which contains the string representation of each value.
3. Generate code in combination with templates or scripts
In addition to official and third-party tools, you can also write scripts yourself or generate code using the template engine. For example, you can write a Python script to generate some Go files in fixed format based on the configuration file.
Example:
//go:generate python gen_code.py config.yaml
As long as your script can output Go files correctly and comply with project naming specifications, it can be used well with go generate
.
Notes and best practices
- Do not depend on the order of generate : If there is no explicit dependency between multiple generate directives, the order of execution cannot be guaranteed.
- Make sure the commands are portable : If your team members also want to run generate, it is best to make sure their environment is consistent, such as installing relevant tools with go install.
- Add generate to CI/CD process : Avoid submitting if you forget to generate the code.
- Comments should be clear : Although the generate line is a code comment, it is very helpful for subsequent maintenance if it is written clearly.
Basically that's it. go generate is not complicated, but it is easy to ignore its potential. Reasonable use can help you save a lot of repetitive labor.
The above is the detailed content of How to use go generate. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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