什么是單片機?
單片機(Microcontrollers)又稱單片微控制器,是一種集成電路芯片。它把一個計算機系統(tǒng)集成到一個芯片上,相當于一個微型的計算機,和計算機相比,單片機只缺少了I/O設備。
概括的講:一塊芯片就成了一臺計算機。它的體積小、質量輕、價格便宜、為學習、應用和開發(fā)提供了便利條件。同時,學習使用單片機是了解計算機原理與結構的最佳選擇。
單片機是電子組件,是小型計算引擎,可用于任何需要決策或系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控的應用程序。有許多單片機可用于集成到產品中。單片機通常具有模擬和數(shù)字輸入/輸出功能。用戶可以使用各種編程語言(如匯編,C和C ++)對微控制器進行編程??梢蚤_發(fā)這些軟件程序來監(jiān)視和獲取某些輸入,執(zhí)行高速計算和分析并生成輸出以控制各種設備,例如LCD屏幕,致動器等。
單片機可以應用到哪些領域
單片機是采用超大規(guī)模集成電路技術把具有數(shù)據處理能力的中央處理器CPU、隨機存儲器RAM、只讀存儲器ROM、多種I/O口和中斷系統(tǒng)、定時器/計數(shù)器等功能(可能還包括顯示驅動電路、脈寬調制電路、模擬多路轉換器、A/D轉換器等電路)集成到一塊硅片上構成的一個小而完善的微型計算機系統(tǒng),在工業(yè)控制領域廣泛應用。
單片機的使用領域已十分廣泛,如儀器儀表、家用電器、醫(yī)用設備、航空航天、專用設備的智能化管理及過程控制等領域。各種產品一旦用上了單片機,就能起到使產品升級換代的功效,常在產品名稱前冠以形容詞——“智能型”,如智能型洗衣機等。
1、單片機可用于從計算器到高端復雜(如心臟監(jiān)測器)的基本儀器。幾乎所有電子醫(yī)療設備,如血壓計,血糖儀和血氧飽和度計都有先進的單片機。
2、國防部門使用的復雜電子武器也包含單片機。反坦克導彈,地對空導彈以及現(xiàn)在軍方使用的一些槍支都會在其電子電路中裝有單片機。
3、日常生活中的電子玩具也包含單片機。由于單片機的集成,玩具變得更加有趣并且已經為孩子們提供了一個巨大的教育平臺。迷你機器人玩具,遙控車,直升機和飛機是使用單片的產品。
4、廚房和家里使用的設備,如冰箱,電視,收音機,洗衣機,洗碗機甚至加濕器,都存在單片機。單片機在改善我們日常生活質量方面具有巨大的影響力。
更多相關知識,請訪問?PHP中文網?。?/p>

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