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Home php教程 php手冊(cè) PHP MVC framework for web development (Smarty usage instructions)

PHP MVC framework for web development (Smarty usage instructions)

Jul 09, 2016 am 09:10 AM
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">      PHP做Web開(kāi)發(fā)的MVC框架(Smarty使用說(shuō)明 )</span><br>一、Smarty簡(jiǎn)明教程 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">1.安裝演示 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;"> 下載最新版本的Smarty-3.1.12,然后解壓下載的文件。接下來(lái)演示Smarty自帶的demo例子。 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(1)下載地址:http://www.smarty.net/download </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(2)在你的WEB服務(wù)器根目錄下建立新目錄,這里我在/var/www下創(chuàng)建yqting/目錄,然后將解壓之后的目錄中的demo/和libs/目錄復(fù)制到/var/www/yqting/目錄下。 <br>(3)這里要特別注意demo/目錄下cache/和template_c/兩個(gè)目錄,<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">一定要設(shè)置它們 為可讀寫(xiě)權(quán)限</span></strong>。 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  chmod 777 cache/ </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  chmod 777 template_c/ </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(4)啟動(dòng)apache。在瀏覽器中輸入http://localhost/yqting/demo/index.php ,這樣一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的Smarty demo就實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">2.Smarty目錄結(jié)構(gòu) </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(1)以/var/www/yqting目錄開(kāi)始分析: </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  yqting/ </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    ├── demo </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    │ ├── cache   緩沖文件存放目錄 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    │ ├── configs ?  配置文件目錄 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    │ ├── index.php </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    │ ├── plugins ?  自定義的一些實(shí)用插件 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    │ ├── templates ?  模板目錄 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    │ └── templates_c   編譯后的文件存放目錄 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    └── libs</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">??     ├── debug.tpl   debug模板 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">??     ├── plugins ?  自定義的一些實(shí)用插件</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">?    ? ├── SmartyBC.class.php    支持Smarty 2兼容 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">    ?? ├── Smarty.class.php   Smarty類定義文件 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">?    ? └── sysplugins ?  Smarty核心功能插件,不需要進(jìn)行修改 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(2)添加自己定義的插件 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  上述目錄結(jié)構(gòu)中,其實(shí)最核心的部分是libs/目錄,同時(shí)這部分也是不允許修改的。</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  而要添加自己的插件,一種方法是將自己定義的插件放在libs/plugins/目錄下,另一種方式是 單獨(dú)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)自己plugins/目錄,同時(shí)還要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建cache/、configs/、templates/和templates _c/目錄,而且要保證cache/和templates_c/目錄的可讀寫(xiě)權(quán)限。 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  不難發(fā)現(xiàn),其實(shí)上述例子中,demo/目錄就是一個(gè)包含了自己定義的插件的完整目錄。 我們可以參照demo/目錄來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的程序。 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">3.實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(1)在/var/www/yqting/下創(chuàng)建目錄weibo/,然后在weibo/目錄下創(chuàng)建cache/、 configs/、templates/和templates_c/目錄,修改cache/和templates_c/目錄的權(quán)限為可讀寫(xiě)?! ?</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(2)新建一個(gè)模板文件:index.tpl,將此文件放在/var/www/yqting/weibo/templates目錄下,代碼如下: </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  <metahttp-equiv content="text/html;charset=gb2312"></metahttp-equiv></span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">   <title>Smarty</title> </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  username:{$Name}</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  <br>  這段代碼很簡(jiǎn)單,有什么不明白的繼續(xù)往下看,不要著急!每一個(gè)做顯示的.tpl文件都會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)處理業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的.php文件,下面介紹這個(gè).php文件。</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(3)新建index.php,將此文件放在/var/www/yqting/weibo/下,代碼如下: </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  <?php <br>  </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">/*sample example */<br>  </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">require '../libs/Smarty.class.php'; <br>  </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">$smarty = new Smarty(); <br>  </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">$username = "Smarty"; <br>  $smarty->assign("Name",$username); <br>  </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">$smarty->display('index.tpl'); <br>  </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">?> <br>  其中require使用的路徑一定要正確,可以參照上面的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)看一下!</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(4)在Smarty3中,Smarty類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)中已經(jīng)指定了template_dir、compile_dir 、config_dir和cache_dir,不需要再次指定。     </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(5) 在瀏覽器中輸入http://localhost/yqting/weibo/index.php,就可以看到輸出的信息username:Smarty 了。 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">二、解釋smarty的程序 </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  我們可以看到,smarty的程序部分實(shí)際就是符合php語(yǔ)言規(guī)范的一組代碼,我們依次來(lái)解釋一下:   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(1)/**/語(yǔ)句:</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  包含的部分為程序篇頭注釋。主要的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該為對(duì)程序的作用,版權(quán)與作者及編寫(xiě)時(shí)間 做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹,這在smarty中不是必需的,但從程序的風(fēng)格來(lái)講,這是一個(gè)好的風(fēng)格。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(2)include_once語(yǔ)句:</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  它將安裝到網(wǎng)站的smarty文件包含到當(dāng)前文件中,注意包含的路徑一定要寫(xiě)正確。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(3)$smarty = new Smarty(): </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  這一句新建一個(gè)Smarty對(duì)象$smarty,簡(jiǎn)單的一個(gè)對(duì)象的實(shí)例化。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(4)$smarty->templates="": </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  這一句指明$smarty對(duì)象使用tpl模板時(shí)的路徑,它是一個(gè)目錄,在沒(méi)有這一句時(shí), Smarty默認(rèn)的模板路徑為當(dāng)前目錄的templates目錄,實(shí)際在寫(xiě)程序時(shí),我們要將這一 句寫(xiě)明,這也是一種好的程序風(fēng)格。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(5)$smarty->templates_c="": </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  這一句指明$smarty對(duì)象進(jìn)行編譯時(shí)的目錄。在模板設(shè)計(jì)篇我們已經(jīng)知道Smarty是 一種編譯型模板語(yǔ)言,而這個(gè)目錄,就是它編譯模板的目錄,要注意,如果站點(diǎn)位于linux 服務(wù)器上,請(qǐng)確保 teamplates_c里定義的這個(gè)目錄具有可寫(xiě)可讀權(quán)限,默認(rèn)情況下它的 編譯目錄是當(dāng)前目錄下的templates_c,出于同樣的理由我們將其明確的寫(xiě)出來(lái)。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(6)<strong><span style="color: #ff0000; font-size: 16px;">分隔符 $smarty->left_delimiter與$smarty->right_delimiter: </span></strong></span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  指明在查找模板變量時(shí)的左右分割符。默認(rèn)情況下為"{"與"}",但在實(shí)際中因?yàn)槲覀円?在模板中使用<script>,Script中的函數(shù)定義難免會(huì)使用{},雖然它有自己的解決辦法,但習(xí)慣上我們將它重新定義為"{#"與"#}"或是"<!--{"與"}-->"或其它標(biāo)志符,注意,如果在這里定義了左右分割符后,在模板文件中相應(yīng)的要使每一個(gè)變量使用與定義相同的符號(hào), 例如在這里指定為"<{"與"}>",html模板中也要相應(yīng)的將{$name}變成<{$name}>, 這樣程序才可以正確的找到模板變量。   </script></span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(7)$smarty->cache="./cache": </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  告訴Smarty輸出的模板文件緩存的位置。上一篇我們知道Smarty最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它 可以緩存,這里就是設(shè)置緩存的目錄。默認(rèn)情況下為當(dāng)前目錄下的cache目錄,與 templates_c目錄相當(dāng),在linux系統(tǒng)中,我們要確保它的可讀可寫(xiě)性。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(8)$smarty->cache_lifetime = 60 * 60 * 24:   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  這里將以秒為單位進(jìn)行計(jì)算緩存有效的時(shí)間。第一次緩存時(shí)間到期時(shí)當(dāng)Smarty的 caching變量設(shè)置為true時(shí)緩存將被重建。當(dāng)它的取值為-1時(shí)表示建立起的緩存從不過(guò)期, 為0時(shí)表示在程序每次執(zhí)行時(shí)緩 存總是被重新建立。上面的設(shè)置表示將cache_lifetime設(shè)置為一天。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(9)$smarty->caching = 1:   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  這個(gè)屬性告訴Smarty是否要進(jìn)行緩存以及緩存的方式。</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  它可以取3個(gè)值,0: Smarty默認(rèn)值,表示不對(duì)模板進(jìn)行緩存;1:表示Smarty將使用當(dāng)前定義的 cache_lifetime來(lái)決定是否結(jié)束cache;2:表示 Smarty將使用在cache被建立時(shí)使用 cache_lifetime這個(gè)值。習(xí)慣上使用true與false來(lái)表示是否進(jìn)行緩存。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(10)$smarty->assign("name", $username): </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  該數(shù)的原型為assign(string varname, mixed var),varname為模板中使用的模板變量,var指出要將模板變量替換的變量名;其第二種原形為assign(mixed var),我們要在后面的例子詳細(xì)的講解這個(gè)成員函數(shù)的使用方法,assign是Smarty的核心函數(shù)之一, 所有對(duì)模板變量的替換都要使用它。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">(11)$smarty->display("index.tpl"):   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  該函數(shù)原形為display(string varname),作用為顯示一個(gè)模板。簡(jiǎn)單的講,它將分析 處理過(guò)的模板顯示出來(lái),這里的模板文件不用加路徑,只要使用一個(gè)文件名就可以了,它路 徑我們已 經(jīng)在$smarty->templates(string path)中定義過(guò)了。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br>程序執(zhí)行完后我們可以打開(kāi)當(dāng)前目錄下的templates_c與cache目錄,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在下 邊多出一些%%的目錄,這些目錄就是Smarty的編譯與緩存目錄,它由程序自動(dòng)生成,不 要直接對(duì)這些生成的文件進(jìn)行修改。   </span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">以上我簡(jiǎn)單的把Smarty程序中的一些常用的基本元素介紹了一下,在后邊的例子中你可以看到將它們將被多次的使用。</span>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">?</span>
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