Common causes and solutions of Chinese garbled characters in PHP

With the development of the Internet, Chinese websites play an increasingly important role in our lives. However, in PHP development, the problem of Chinese garbled characters is still a common problem that troubles developers. This article will introduce the common causes of Chinese garbled characters in PHP and provide solutions. It also attaches specific code examples for readers' reference.

1. Common reasons:

1. Inconsistent character encoding: Inconsistencies in PHP file encoding, database encoding, HTML page encoding, etc. may lead to Chinese garbled characters.
2. Incorrect database encoding setting: The data encoding stored in the database is different from the encoding set when connecting to the database, which will cause Chinese garbled characters.
3. The output encoding setting is incorrect: The content output by PHP does not specify the encoding type or the encoding setting is incorrect.
4. Incorrect handling of string functions: When using PHP's string functions, if Chinese characters are not processed correctly, garbled characters may easily occur.

2. Solution:

1. Set PHP file encoding: add header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf at the beginning of the PHP file -8');, ensure that the PHP file uses UTF-8 encoding.
2. Database encoding setting: Set the encoding of the database to UTF-8. You can execute SET NAMES utf8; when connecting to the database to specify the encoding.
3. Output encoding setting: Add <meta charset="utf-8"> to the header of the HTML page to specify that the encoding of the page is UTF-8.
4. Use mb_* functions to process strings: avoid using traditional string processing functions, such as replacing substr with mb_substr and mb_strlen strlen.
5. Encoding conversion function: Use the mb_convert_encoding function to perform encoding conversion and convert the data to the specified encoding for output.

3. Code example:

<?php
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "username", "password", "database");
$mysqli->set_charset("utf8");

// Output the HTML page header
echo '<meta charset="utf-8"/>';

//Read data from the database and do encoding conversion output
$result = $mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM table");
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    $data = mb_convert_encoding($row['data'], 'utf-8', 'gbk'); // Convert data from GBK to UTF-8
    echo $data;
}

//Use mb_substr for string interception
$text = 'This is a Chinese string';
$substring = mb_substr($text, 0, 3); //Intercept the first 3 characters of the string
echo $substring;

$mysqli->close();
?>

Through the above steps and code examples, you can effectively solve the common problem of Chinese garbled characters in PHP. When developers write PHP programs, they must pay attention to the consistency of character encoding to ensure that Chinese content can be displayed correctly. I hope this article can help readers better solve the problem of Chinese garbled characters in PHP and improve website user experience.

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