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2.PHP安裝與使用VLD查看opcode代碼【PHP安裝第三方擴(kuò)展的方法】
Home php教程 php手冊 Linux(centOS)手動安裝Apache+MySQL+PHP+Memcached+Nginx

Linux(centOS)手動安裝Apache+MySQL+PHP+Memcached+Nginx

Apr 18, 2017 am 09:47 AM
centos linux Manual installation

=================== 第一步:Apache安裝(已更新到2.2.x) ===================?

第一步:Apache安裝(已更新到2.2.x)

===================

下載 Apache去官網(wǎng) 自己找新的

?國內(nèi)有很多鏡像點(diǎn)例如"人人"和"163"

注意要找httpd,因為apache下有很多項目,其中httpd就是web服務(wù)器

-------------------------------------------------
#wget http://labs.renren.com/apache-mirror/httpd/httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz
#tar zxvf httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz
#cd ./httpd-2.2.22
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/ --enable-proxy --enable-ssl 
--enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --enable-so --enable-module=so
#make
#make install

說明:如果make不成功,那么是configure不成,例如你缺少ssl組件,可以去掉

--enable-ssl
-----------------------------------------------

如果出現(xiàn)“No recognized SSL/TLS toolkit detected”錯誤

#yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

------------------------

如果Make: command not found

看看是不是make沒裝

# rpm -qa|grep make

如果沒有信息那么說明make沒裝

#yum install make 即可
-------------------

手動啟動

# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

重啟

# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

如果報錯說:

Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName

需要修改/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf在

#serverName www.example.com:80

這個位置修改為:

serverName localhost:80

--------------------------

YUM自動安裝的啟動

#service httpd restart

輸入這個會提示出錯 httpd未被被識別的服務(wù)

這個請見本博客另一篇介紹

-------------------------

這就說明安裝成功了。

自己在瀏覽器輸入:

http://localhost/

這樣就說明成功了!

------------------------------------------

防火墻配置

注意如果你希望在本地機(jī)器例如xp訪問虛擬機(jī)的網(wǎng)頁,如果是centos6需要修改防火墻啟動80端口

/etc/sysconfig
[root@centos6 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

添加下面一行,打開防火墻80端口:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

重啟防火墻

#/etc/init.d/iptables restart

查看CentOS防火墻信息:/etc/init.d/iptables status

關(guān)閉CentOS防火墻服務(wù):/etc/init.d/iptables stop

------------------------

開機(jī)加入自動啟動服務(wù)

編輯rc.local文件
#vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

加入如下啟動命令

/usr/sbin/apachectl start
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb start
/usr/local/subversion/bin/svnserve -d

注意:我的這個路徑是yum安裝這些服務(wù)得到的路徑,填寫時要根據(jù)自己的安裝路徑,找不到可以借助whereis命令,主要是找到apachectl 、mysqld 、smb 這三個啟動文件。

------------------------------------------

增加權(quán)限和文件格式轉(zhuǎn)換(不然apache會報沒權(quán)限執(zhí)行文件)
#chmod +x   文件
#dos2unix   文件

----------------------------------------

ab測試

#ab -n 1000  -c  10 http://localhost/

------------------------------------------

卸載apache

如果是源碼安裝

#rm -rf 你的apache安裝路徑

同樣作用于其他

========================

httpd啟用虛擬主機(jī)

#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

httpd-vhosts.conf

========================

YUM方式安裝的,這樣卸載:

#yum remove httpd

否則要用

#rpm -qa|grep httpd

一個個刪除

# rpm -e  ......

安裝有錯誤 模塊沒有加上會報如下錯誤,此時打開注釋模塊即可 尤其那個mod_slotmem_shm的模塊必須打開

[Sun May 06 19:02:44.486163 2012] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 9141:tid 140629202720512] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[Sun May 06 19:02:44.486651 2012] [:emerg] [pid 9141:tid 140629202720512] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting

打開注釋的模塊

===================

第二步 Mysql安裝

===================

第一種方法:使用yum自動安裝

#yum -y install mysql-server

----------------------------------------

第二種:下載源碼編譯安裝

#wget http://mysql.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.57.tar.gz
#tar zxvf mysql-5.1.57.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.1.57
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqld-user=mysql --with-charset=gbk --bindir=/usr/local/bin 
--sbindir=/usr/local/sbin --with-plugins=innobase --with-partition
#make
#make install
#cd /usr/local/mysql
#mysql_install_db
#chown -R mysql:mysql *
#cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
#/etc/rc.d/mysql start (加入到/etc/rc.local 以便系統(tǒng)重啟后自動啟動mysql)

修改/etc/rc.local

說明:請修改mysql配置文件my.cnf中wait_timeout = 600(有些程序執(zhí)行時間較長,mysql超時時間如果太短的話,容易發(fā)生mysql server has go away的錯誤)

注意事項:

安裝完成后,需要拷貝一份my.cnf到ect目錄下,使用support-files目錄中的一個作為模板。在這個目錄中有4個模板文件,是根據(jù)不同機(jī)器的內(nèi)存定制的。

mysql-5.1.57版本執(zhí)行如下copy

#cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

mysql-5.1.67以上版本 執(zhí)行如下copy

#cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

利用以上腳本安裝,安裝結(jié)束后發(fā)現(xiàn)啟動的時候提示

[root@kspc mysql-5.1.31]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Manager of pid-file quit without updating fi[FAILED]

腳本中有個建立
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --------------------初始數(shù)據(jù)庫并設(shè)置用戶

重新運(yùn)行一次

然后重啟mysql ,一切OK

[root@kspc mysql-5.1.31]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found!       [FAILED]
Starting MySQL.                      [  OK  ]

===================

第三步 PHP安裝(已更新到5.4.8版)

===================

去www.php.net找最新的版本

5.4安裝

#wget  http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.4.8.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
#tar zxvf  php-5.4.8.tar.gz
#cd php-5.4.8
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql-dir=/usr/local/mysql

如果提示未知的配置項--with-mysql-dir=/usr/local/mysql則使用如下

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql-dir=/usr/local/mysql

如果失敗 可能原因有各種各樣

-------------------------------

如果提示:Cannot find MySQL header files under /date/mysql.


這個是缺少了 mysql-devel 安裝包,用
yum -y install mysql-devel 即可解決!

#yum -y install mysql-devel

-------------------------------

如果提示:xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

需要安裝libxml2

#yum install libxml2-devel

-------------------------------

安裝中可能存在這樣的警告信息:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

##configure: WARNING: You will need re2c 0.13.4 or later if you want to regenerate PHP parsers.    wget 
http://sourceforge.net/projects/re2c/files/re2c/0.13.5/re2c-0.13.5.tar.gz/download    
tar -zxvf re2c-0.13.5.tar.gz    cd re2c-0.13.5    ./configure && make && make install

如果提示:

Try adding --with-zlib-dir=
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs 
--with-mysql-dir=/usr/local/mysql --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib

------------------------------

完全成功才可以編譯安裝

#make

#make install

------------------------------------------------------

安裝失敗如果提示:Cannot load /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so into server:

原因:是Linux有一個SELinux保護(hù)模式引起的。

解決辦法:
1關(guān)閉SELINUX的方法:
vi /etc/selinux/config 將SELINUX=enforcing 改成SELINUX=disabled 需要重啟
這個方法可能會對服務(wù)器帶來風(fēng)險。


2不關(guān)閉SELINUX的方法:

# setenforce 0
# chcon -c -v -R -u system_u -r object_r -t textrel_shlib_t /usr/local/apache/modules/libphp5.so
# service httpd restart
# setenforce 1

--------------------------------------

復(fù)制php.ini配置文件

注意php新版本此文件名有變更

#cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
------------------------------

修改apache的配置文件httpd.conf

增加

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

修改www的默認(rèn)文件地址DocumentRoot

注意還要修改Directoty的路徑和上面的一樣

重啟httpd

測試php文件

phpinfo()

---------------------------------

執(zhí)行php文件

#/usr/local/php/bin/php    xx.php

加速器:

PHP安裝eAccelerator
PHP安裝擴(kuò)展的兩種類型:

1.PHP安裝擴(kuò)展mcrypt以及相關(guān)依賴項 【PHP安裝PECL擴(kuò)展的方法】

2.PHP安裝與使用VLD查看opcode代碼【PHP安裝第三方擴(kuò)展的方法】

===================

第四步 Memcached安裝

===================

說明必須先安裝libevent

#wget https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.16-stable.tar.gz
#tar xzvf libevent-2.0.16-stable.tar.gz
#cd libevent-2.0.16-stable
#./configure --prefix=/usr
#make
#make install

--------------------------------------------

第二步 安裝memcached

# wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.9.tar.gz
#tar xzvf memcached-1.4.9.tar.gz
#cd memcached-1.4.9
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr
#make
#make install

啟動

#/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 100 -uroot -l 0.0.0.0 -p 11211 -c 512 -P /usr/local/memcached/memcached.pid

查看詳情

#ps aux|grep mem

輸出pid

#cat /usr/local/memcached/memcached.pid

查看內(nèi)存使用

#top -n 1 |grep Mem

-------------------------------------------

PHP 中操作memcache有兩個擴(kuò)展,一個叫memcache,一個叫memcached都可以在php的reference中找到,現(xiàn)在

網(wǎng)上比較推薦使用基于libmemcahced 庫的memcached擴(kuò)展。支持memcache提供的CAS操作,穩(wěn)定性和效率也更好。

(安裝過memcached.so的話就不必安裝memcache.so了二者根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用其一,這里要說明的是memcache的功能memcached都有,但memcached的部分功能memcache沒有,所以建議安裝memcached.so)

-------------------------------------------

安裝memcache的php擴(kuò)展memcache

#wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.6.tgz
#tar vxzf memcache-2.2.6.tgz
#cd memcache-2.2.6
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dir

或者

#./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dir=/usr
#make
#make install 
#vi /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
php.ini添加
extension=memcache.so

安裝memcached的php擴(kuò)展memcached

安裝前需要的準(zhǔn)備:

先安裝libmemcached,已安裝可跳過

直接configure提示找不到memcached二進(jìn)制文件,已經(jīng)安裝過了,好吧,制定一下。

安裝方法如下:

wget launchpad.net/libmemcached/1.0/0.42/+download/libmemcached-0.42.tar.gz

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcached-1.0.2.tgz

首先安裝libmemcached庫

tar zxvf libmemcached-0.42.tar.gz
cd libmemcached-0.42
./configure
make && make install

安裝php memcached擴(kuò)展

tar zxvf memcached-1.0.2.tar.gz
cd memcached-1.0.2
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure  --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
vi /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
加上extension=memcached.so重起一下服務(wù)就可以了。

-------------------

重啟

# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

---------------

測試memcache

[php] view
 plaincopy
$memcache = new Memcache; //創(chuàng)建一個memcache對象     
$memcache->connect('localhost', 11211) or die ("Could not connect"); //連接Memcached服務(wù)器     
$memcache->set('key', 'test'); //設(shè)置一個變量到內(nèi)存中,名稱是key 值是test     
$get_value = $memcache->get('key'); //從內(nèi)存中取出key的值     
echo $get_value;




--------------
[php] view
 plaincopy
class MemCache {  
    var $mem = null;  
      
    private static $isLibLoad = false;  
    //put your code here  
    public function Com_MemCache(){  
        if(!self::$isLibLoad){  
            dl("memcache.so");  
            self::$isLibLoad = true;  
        }  
          
        $this->mem = new Memcache();  
        $this->mem->connect("127.0.0.1", 11211);  
    }  
  
    public function set($key,$value,$flag = null,$expire = 5000){  
        $this->mem->set($key, $value, $flag, $expire);  
    }  
  
    public function get($key){  
        return $this->mem->get($key);  
    }  
  
    function __destruct(){  
        $this->mem->close();  
    }  
}





調(diào)用

[php] view
 plaincopy
$cache = new MemCache();  
           $mm = $cache ->get("A");  
           if($mm==null){  
             $cache->set('A', date('Y-m-j').' '.date('G:i:s'),null,15);  
           }  
echo $mm;




測試memcached ,運(yùn)行 memcached 守護(hù)程序
運(yùn)行 memcached 守護(hù)程序很簡單,只需一個命令行即可,不需要修改任何配置文件(也沒有配置文件給你修改 ):
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 256 -u root-l 127.0.0.1 -p 11211-c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid

httpd參數(shù)解釋:
-d 以守護(hù)程序(daemon)方式運(yùn)行 memcached;
-m 設(shè)置 memcached 可以使用的內(nèi)存大小,單位為 M;
-l 設(shè)置監(jiān)聽的 IP 地址,如果是本機(jī)的話,通常可以不設(shè)置此參數(shù);
-p 設(shè)置監(jiān)聽的端口,默認(rèn)為 11211,所以也可以不設(shè)置此參數(shù),(此處測試期間故而使用11212端口);
-u 指定用戶,如果當(dāng)前為 root 的話,需要使用此參數(shù)指定用戶。

-c選項是最大運(yùn)行的并發(fā)連接數(shù),默認(rèn)是1024,我這里設(shè)置了256,按照你服務(wù)器的負(fù)載量來設(shè)定,

-P是設(shè)置保存Memcache的pid文件,我這里是保存在 /tmp/memcached.pid,

如果要結(jié)束Memcache進(jìn)程,執(zhí)行:

# kill `cat /tmp/memcached.pid`

也可以啟動多個守護(hù)進(jìn)程,不過端口不能重復(fù)。


當(dāng)然,還有其它參數(shù)可以用,man memcached 一下就可以看到了。

$memcache = new Memcached();  
$memcahce->connect('127.0.0.1', 12121);  
$memcache->set('Key', 'Value');  
$memcache->get('Key');

===================

Nginx安裝

===================

#wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
#make
#make install

安裝Nginx時報錯

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

安裝pcre-devel解決問題

yum -y install pcre-devel

錯誤提示:

./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions
from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using
--without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system,
or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using
--with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=

解決辦法:

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

總結(jié):

yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make
make install

啟動nginx

#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

安裝成功的頁面

停止操作

停止操作是通過向nginx進(jìn)程發(fā)送信號(什么是信號請參閱linux文 章)來進(jìn)行的
步驟1:查詢nginx主進(jìn)程號
ps -ef | grep nginx
在進(jìn)程列表里 面找master進(jìn)程,它的編號就是主進(jìn)程號了。
步驟2:發(fā)送信號
從容停止Nginx:
kill -QUIT 主進(jìn)程號
快速停止Nginx:
kill -TERM 主進(jìn)程號
強(qiáng)制停止Nginx:
pkill -9 nginx

另外, 若在nginx.conf配置了pid文件存放路徑則該文件存放的就是Nginx主進(jìn)程號,如果沒指定則放在nginx的logs目錄下。有了pid文 件,我們就不用先查詢Nginx的主進(jìn)程號,而直接向Nginx發(fā)送信號了,命令如下:
kill -信號類型 '/usr/nginx/logs/nginx.pid'

平滑重啟
如果更改了配置就要重啟Nginx,要先關(guān)閉Nginx再打開?不是的,可以向Nginx 發(fā)送信號,平滑重啟。
平滑重啟命令:
kill -HUP 住進(jìn)稱號或進(jìn)程號文件路徑

或者使用

/usr/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

注意,修改了配置文件后最好先檢查一下修改過的配置文件是否正 確,以免重啟后Nginx出現(xiàn)錯誤影響服務(wù)器穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。判斷Nginx配置是否正確命令如下:

nginx -t -c /usr/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

或者

/usr/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

平滑升級
如果服務(wù)器正在運(yùn)行的Nginx要進(jìn)行升級、添加或刪除模塊時,我們需 要停掉服務(wù)器并做相應(yīng)修改,這樣服務(wù)器就要在一段時間內(nèi)停止服務(wù),Nginx可以在不停機(jī)的情況下進(jìn)行各種升級動作而不影響服務(wù)器運(yùn)行。
步驟1:
如 果升級Nginx程序,先用新程序替換舊程序文件,編譯安裝的話新程序直接編譯到Nginx安裝目錄中。
步 驟2:執(zhí)行命令
kill -USR2 舊版程序的主進(jìn)程號或進(jìn)程文件名
此時舊的Nginx主進(jìn)程將會把自己的進(jìn)程文件改名為.oldbin,然后執(zhí)行新版 Nginx。新舊Nginx會同市運(yùn)行,共同處理請求。
這時要逐步停止舊版 Nginx,輸入命令:
kill -WINCH 舊版主進(jìn)程號
慢慢舊的工作進(jìn)程就都會隨著任務(wù)執(zhí)行完畢而退出,新版的Nginx的工作進(jìn)程會逐漸取代舊版 工作進(jìn)程。

此 時,我們可以決定使用新版還是恢復(fù)到舊版。
不重載配置啟動新/舊工作進(jìn)程
kill -HUP 舊/新版主進(jìn)程號
從容關(guān)閉舊/新進(jìn)程
kill -QUIT 舊/新主進(jìn)程號
如果此時報錯,提示還有進(jìn)程沒有結(jié)束就用下面命令先關(guān)閉舊/新工作進(jìn)程,再關(guān)閉主進(jìn)程號:
kill -TERM 舊/新工作進(jìn)程號

這樣下來,如果要恢復(fù)到舊版本,只需要上面的幾個步 驟都是操作新版主進(jìn)程號,如果要用新版本就上面的幾個步驟都操作舊版主進(jìn)程號就行了。

上面就是Nginx的一些基本的操作,希望以后Nginx能有更好的方法來處理這些操作, 最好是Nginx的命令而不是向Nginx進(jìn)程發(fā)送系統(tǒng)信號

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