以后進(jìn)先出表示的對(duì)象集合稱為堆棧，它是一個(gè)根據(jù)程序的需要隨著向堆棧中添加元素而增加的集合，因此它是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)集合棧中可以存儲(chǔ)相同類型和不同類型的元素，向棧中添加元素的過(guò)程稱為將元素壓入棧，從棧中移除元素的過(guò)程稱為將元素從棧中彈出這個(gè)堆棧屬于 Systems。集合命名空間。

語(yǔ)法：

C# Stack 的語(yǔ)法如下：

Stack stack_name = new Stack();

其中 stack_name 是 stack.l 的名稱

C# 中的棧函數(shù)

• 每當(dāng)我們需要以后進(jìn)先出的順序訪問(wèn)堆棧中的元素時(shí)，我們就創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為 Stack 的對(duì)象集合。
• 向 Stack 添加元素的過(guò)程稱為將元素壓入堆棧，從堆棧中移除元素的過(guò)程稱為從 Stack 彈出元素。
• 堆棧是元素的動(dòng)態(tài)集合，因?yàn)槎褩５拇笮‰S著向堆棧中添加元素而增加。
• 堆?？梢匀菁{的元素?cái)?shù)量稱為堆棧的容量。隨著棧的大小隨著向棧中添加元素而增加，棧的容量也會(huì)通過(guò)重新分配而增加。
• 堆棧中允許存在重復(fù)元素。
• 堆棧接受 Null 作為類型、引用的有效值。

C#中Stack有多個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù)。他們是：

• Stack(): 棧類的一個(gè)新實(shí)例被初始化，該實(shí)例為空，初始容量為默認(rèn)值。
• Stack(ICollection)：初始化 stack 類的新實(shí)例，該實(shí)例由從指定為參數(shù)的集合中取出的元素組成，初始容量與取出的元素?cái)?shù)量相同來(lái)自指定為參數(shù)的集合。
• Stack(Int32): 棧類的一個(gè)新實(shí)例被初始化，該實(shí)例為空，其初始容量可以是參數(shù)指定的初始容量，也可以是默認(rèn)的初始容量。

C# 堆棧中的方法

C#中Stack有多種方法。他們是：

• Clear()：使用 Clear() 方法刪除堆棧中的對(duì)象。
• Push(Object)：使用 Push(Object) 方法將指定為參數(shù)的對(duì)象插入到堆棧頂部。
• Contains(Object)：Contains(Object) 方法用于確定堆棧中是否存在元素。
• Peek()：返回堆棧頂部指定的對(duì)象，但不會(huì)使用 Peek() 方法刪除。
• Pop()：返回堆棧頂部指定的對(duì)象，并使用 Pop() 方法將其刪除。

示例

以下是c#堆棧的示例：

示例#1

考慮下面的示例程序來(lái)演示 Push() 方法、Pop() 方法、Peek() 方法、Contains() 方法和 Clear() 方法：

代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections;
//a class called program is defined
class program
{
//main method is called
public static void Main()
{
//a new stack is created
Stack mystk = new Stack();
//Adding the elements to the newly created stack
mystk.Push("India");
mystk.Push("USA");
mystk.Push("Canada");
mystk.Push("Germany");
//displaying the elements of the stack using foreach loop
Console.Write("The elements in the Stack are : ");
foreach(varele in mystk)
{
Console.WriteLine(ele);
}
//using contains() method to check if an element is present in the stack or not
Console.WriteLine(mystk.Contains("Germany"));
// The count of the elements in the stack is displayed
Console.Write("The count of elements in the Stack are : ");
Console.WriteLine(mystk.Count);
// displaying the top most element of the stack using Peek() method
Console.WriteLine("The topmost element in the stack is? : " + mystk.Peek());
//Using pop() method to remove the top element in the stack
Console.WriteLine("the element of the stack that is going to be removed" + " is: {0}",mystk.Pop());
Console.Write("The elements in the Stack after using pop() method are : ");
foreach(var el in mystk)
{
Console.WriteLine(el);
}
Console.Write("The count of elements in the Stack after using pop() method is : ");
Console.WriteLine(mystk.Count);
//using Clear() method to remove all the elements in the stack
mystk.Clear();
Console.Write("The count of elements in the Stack after using Clear() method is : ");
Console.WriteLine(mystk.Count);
}
}

輸出：

在上面的程序中，定義了一個(gè)名為program的類。然后調(diào)用main方法。然后創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的堆棧。然后使用 Push() 方法將元素添加到新創(chuàng)建的堆棧中。然后使用 foreach 循環(huán)顯示新創(chuàng)建的堆棧的元素。然后 contains() 方法用于檢查堆棧中是否存在元素。然后使用 count() 方法顯示堆棧中元素的數(shù)量。然后使用 Peek() 方法顯示堆棧最頂層的元素。然后使用 Pop() 方法刪除堆棧最頂層的元素。然后使用 Pop() 方法后再次顯示元素的計(jì)數(shù)和堆棧的元素。然后使用Clear()方法刪除堆棧中的所有元素。然后在使用 Clear() 方法后再次顯示元素的計(jì)數(shù)和堆棧的元素。程序的輸出如上面的快照所示。

• Clone(): A shallow copy of the stack is created using the Clone() method.
• Equals(Object): The Equals(Object) method is used to determine if the object specified as the parameter is equal to the current object.
• Synchronized(Stack): A synchronized wrapper for the stack is returned using the Synchronized(Stack) method.
• CopyTo(Array,Int32): The stack is copied into an array which is one dimensional with the index of the array specified as a parameter.
• ToArray(): The stack is copied to a new array using ToArray() method.
• GetType(): The type of the current instance is obtained using GetType() method.
• ToString(): A string representing the current object is returned using ToString() method.
• GetEnumerator(): An IEnumerator for the stack is returned using GetEnumerator() method.
• GetHashCode(): The GetHashCode() method is the hash function by default.
• MemberwiseClone(): A shallow copy of the current object is created using MemberwiseClone() method.

Example #2

Consider the example program below to demonstrate Clone() method, Equals() method, Synchronized() method, CopyTo() method, ToArray() method, GetType() method and GetEnumerator() method:

Code:

using System;
using System.Collections;
//a class called program is defined
class program
{
// Main Method is called
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
// creating a new stack
Stack mystk = new Stack();
mystk.Push("India");
mystk.Push("USA");
mystk.Push("Canada");
mystk.Push("Germany");
Console.Write("The elements in the Stack are : ");
foreach(varele in mystk)
{
Console.WriteLine(ele);
}
// a clone of the newly created stack is created
Stack mystk1 = (Stack)mystk.Clone();
// the top most element of the clone of the newly created stack is removed using pop() method
mystk1.Pop();
Console.Write("The elements in the clone of the Stack after using pop() method are : ");
//the elements of the clone of the newly created stack is displayed
foreach(Object ob in mystk1)
Console.WriteLine(ob);
//checking if the elements of the clone of the newly created stack and the newly created stack are equal or not
Console.Write("The elements in the clone of the Stack and the stack are equal or not : ");
Console.WriteLine(mystk.Equals(mystk1));
//Checking if the clone of the newly created stack and the newly created stack is synchronised or not
Console.WriteLine("The Clone of the newly created stack is {0}.", mystk1.IsSynchronized ? "Synchronized" : "Not Synchronized");
Console.WriteLine("The newly created stack is {0}.", mystk.IsSynchronized ? "Synchronized" : "Not Synchronized");
//a new array of strings is created and the newly created stack is assigned to this array
string[] arra = new string[mystk.Count];
// The elements of the newly created stack is copied to the array
mystk.CopyTo(arra, 0);
// the elements of the array are displayed
Console.Write("The elements of the array copied from the newly created stack are : ");
foreach(string st in arra)
{
Console.WriteLine(st);
}
//converting the elements of the newly created stack to array using toarray() method
Object[] ar1 = mystk.ToArray();
Console.Write("The elements of the array copied from the newly created stack by using ToArray() method are :");
//the elements of the array are displayed
foreach(Object st1 in ar1)
{
Console.WriteLine(st1);
}
Console.WriteLine("The type of newly created stack before using "+
"ToStringMethod is: "+mystk.GetType());
Console.WriteLine("The type of newly created stack after using "+
"ToString Method is: "+mystk.ToString().GetType());
Console.Write("The elements of the newly created stack after using GetEnumerator() method are : ");
//Getenumerator() method is used to obtain the enumerator of thestack
IEnumeratorenume = mystk.GetEnumerator();
while (enume.MoveNext())
{
Console.WriteLine(enume.Current);
}
}
}

Output:

In the above program, a class called program is defined. Then the main method is called. Then a new stack is created. Then the clone of the newly created stack is created by using the clone() method. Then the topmost element of the clone of the newly created stack is removed using the pop() method. Then the elements of the clone of the newly created method are displayed. Then Equals() method is used to check if the newly created stack and the clone of the newly created stack are equal or not. Then the synchronized() method is used to check if the newly created stack and the clone of the newly created stack are synchronized or not. Then Copyto() method is used to copy the newly created stack to an array and the elements of the array are displayed. Then ToArray() method is used to copy the newly created stack to another array and then the elements of the array are displayed. Then GetType() method is used to obtain the type of the newly created stack. Then ToString() method is used to convert the type stack to string. Then GetEnumerator() method is used to obtain the IEnumerator of the stack. The output of the program is shown in the snapshot above.

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