Handlebars, a popular JavaScript templating library for client-side and server-side rendering, extends the mustache specification for improved template management. For newcomers, exploring JavaScript templating with Handlebars via a Pluralsight course is recommended. Handlebars 4.0 (September 2015) introduced significant enhancements: Inline Partials and Decorators. This article explores both, detailing their syntax and optimal usage.

Key Concepts:

• Handlebars 4.0's key features: Inline Partials (reusable templates) and Decorators (modify rendering states).
• Inline Partials: Defined within templates, eliminating the need for JavaScript registration. They're block-scoped, limiting usage to the current and nested scopes. Ideal for small, reusable HTML snippets.
• Decorators: Modify the Handlebars program function, influencing the runtime before execution. Useful for altering context data or helpers.
• Decorators improve code modularity, extensibility, and testability, particularly beneficial for tasks like currency formatting.
• Both features streamline front-end development, resulting in cleaner, more organized, and potentially more efficient code.

Inline Partials

Partials, a common templating concept, promote code reuse by separating reusable templates into individual files. However, Handlebars' traditional partials have limitations: global scope, requiring JavaScript registration (though often handled by pre-compilers), and separation from their usage context. This often restricts their use to only the largest reusable code blocks.

Inline Partials address these issues. Defined within templates using Handlebars syntax, they require no JavaScript registration. Their block-scoped nature confines their use to the current and child scopes. Choose Inline Partials for small, reusable HTML segments that are either too small for separate files or used exclusively within a single template.

Using Inline Partials

Declare an Inline Partial by wrapping the reusable code with {{#* inline "partialName"}} ... {{/inline}}. Then, use it within the template via {{> partialName}}.

Example:

Instead of repeating <code><li>{{firstName}} {{lastName}}</li>{{firstName}} {{lastName}}

{{#* inline "fullName"}}
    {{firstName}} {{lastName}}
{{/inline}}

{{#each clients}}
    <li>{{> fullName}}</li>
{{/each}}

Comparing Partials and Inline Partials

{{firstName}} {{lastName}}Consider a template with repeated

• Traditional Partial: Requires a separate JavaScript file to register Handlebars.registerPartial('fullName', '{{firstName}} {{lastName}}'); and then usage in the template as {{> fullName}}. This separates the partial's definition, making understanding the full template more challenging.

• Inline Partial: A cleaner, self-contained approach:

{{#* inline "fullName"}}
    {{firstName}} {{lastName}}
{{/inline}}

{{#each clients}}
    <li>{{> fullName}}</li>
{{/each}}

Decorators

Decorators modify the Handlebars program function, influencing the rendering process. They provide metadata to enhance template functionality, acting as a more fundamental companion to helper functions.

Handlebars compilation involves: 1. Getting the template; 2. Compiling it; 3. Rendering the output. Decorators intervene in the compilation step (Handlebars.compile), affecting the block-scoped compiled functions. They control execution before rendering, allowing modifications to context data or helpers.

Using Decorators

Decorators are registered using Handlebars.registerDecorator(). The function receives (program, props, container, context).

• program: The compiled Handlebars function. Modify arguments, return values, or context.
• props: Properties set here affect the program function, even if replaced. Useful for metadata.
• container: The Handlebars runtime container (partials, helpers, context). Modifiable.
• context: The parent context, including Decorator arguments and data.

The Decorator must return a function (or falsy value) to render the modified template.

Example: Currency Formatting

Before Handlebars 4.0, currency formatting often relied on helpers. Decorators offer a more elegant solution.

A Decorator can dynamically register a currency formatting helper based on context:

{{#* inline "fullName"}}{{firstName}} {{lastName}}{{/inline}}
<h1>Hello {{> fullName}}</h1>

Then, in the template:

Handlebars.registerDecorator('activateFormatter', function(program, props, container, context) {
    // ... logic to select currency formatter based on context ...
    container.helpers = { formatMoneyHelper: selectedFormatter };
});

This approach is more modular, extensible, and testable than using helpers alone.

Conclusion

Inline Partials and Decorators significantly enhance Handlebars, improving code organization, reusability, and testability. They are valuable tools for building more maintainable and efficient front-end applications.

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