To create new records in the database using Eloquent, there are four main methods: 1. Use the create method to quickly create records by passing in an attribute array, such as User::create(['name' => 'John Doe', 'email' => 'john@example.com']); 2. Use the save method to manually instantiate the model and assign values ??to save one by one, which is suitable for scenarios where conditional assignments or extra logic is required; 3. Use firstOrCreate to find or create records based on search conditions to avoid duplicate data; 4. Use updateOrCreate to find records and update them, and if not, create them, which is suitable for handling possible duplication such as imported data. Each method is suitable for different scenarios. Create is simple and fast, save is more flexible. FirstOrCreate and updateOrCreate are used to handle uniqueness and synchronization.

To create new records in the database using Eloquent, you basically need to work with your model and save data through it. Eloquent makes this process simple by giving you a few clean methods that map directly to your database tables.

Using the create Method

One of the easiest ways to add a new record is by using the create method on your model. This method accepts an array of attributes, validates them (if applicable), and then saves the new record to the database.

Let's say you have a User model and want to create a new user:

 User::create([
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'john@example.com',
    'password' => bcrypt('secret'),
]);

A few things to note:

• Make sure the fields you're filling are either listed in the $fillable property or not guarded by the $guarded property in your model.
• Mass assignment protection is important for security, so always double-check which fields are allowed.

If you're getting mass assignment exceptions, go back to your model and adjust the $fillable array like this:

 protected $fillable = ['name', 'email', 'password'];

Creating Records with the save Method

Another common way to create a record is by instantiating a new model instance and calling the save method. This gives you more control over the process and allows you to do extra operations before saving if needed.

Here's how you'd do it:

 $user = new User();
$user->name = 'Jane Doe';
$user->email = 'jane@example.com';
$user->password = bcrypt('secret');
$user->save();

This approach can be helpful when:

• You need to set values ??conditionally.
• You want to perform some logic or validation manually before saving.
• You're dealing with relationships or additional data handling.

It's slightly more verbose than create() , but also more flexible in certain cases.

Using firstOrCreate and updateOrCreate

Sometimes you want to avoid creating duplicate entries. Laravel provides two convenient methods for this: firstOrCreate and updateOrCreate .

firstOrCreate tries to find a record based on given attributes, and if it doesn't exist, it creates one:

 User::firstOrCreate(
    ['email' => 'john@example.com'], // Search by this field
    ['name' => 'John Doe'] // If not found, use these to create
);

updateOrCreate does something similar but goes a step further: it updates the existing record or creates a new one if none is found.

 User::updateOrCreate(
    ['email' => 'john@example.com'],
    ['name' => 'Updated Name']
);

These methods are especially useful when importing data or syncing with external systems where duplicates might come up.

That's the core of creating records with Eloquent — whether you're inserting a single entry or handling unique cases. The key is picking the right method depending on your situation: create() for straightforward inserts, save() for more control, and firstOrCreate() / updateOrCreate() when checking for existing data matters.

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