CSS Grid is a two-dimensional web layout tool that allows developers to accurately control the position and size of page elements by defining rows and columns. Unlike Flexbox, it can handle rows and columns simultaneously, suitable for building complex structures. To use Grid, you need to set the container to display: grid first, and define the row and column sizes through 1. grid-template-columns and 2. grid-template-rows, 3. gap set spacing, and 4. grid-template-areas named area to improve readability. Its typical application scenarios include responsive layout, dashboard interface, and picture gallery. Practical tips include: 5. Use grid-column/grid-row to control project span, 6. Automatically arrange new projects in grid-auto-flow, 7. repeat() and minmax() to achieve elastic and responsive layout. Mastering Grid can significantly improve layout efficiency and flexibility, and is suitable for modern web development needs.

CSS Grid Layout is a powerful tool for web page layout that allows developers to organize elements in pages through a two-dimensional grid system. Compared with traditional layout methods such as floating or Flexbox, Grid layout is more flexible and intuitive, especially suitable for building complex web structures.

What is a CSS Grid?

Simply put, CSS Grid is a layout method that divides web pages into rows and columns, thus forming a "grid". You can place each element accurately in this grid, controlling their position, size and arrangement. Instead of focusing only on one-dimensional arrangements (either horizontally or vertically) like Flexbox, it can handle rows and columns at the same time.

For example: If you are designing a page with a title, sidebar, main content area and footer, using Grid can easily define the location of these areas and maintain the relative relationship between them.

How to get started with Grid layout?

To use Grid, you first need to set display: grid on a container, and the container becomes a "grid container", and its child elements are "grid items".

 .container {
  display: grid;
}

Next you can define how many columns, rows this grid has, and the size of each area:

• Use grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows to define row-columns.
• Use grid-gap to set the spacing between projects ( gap abbreviation attribute is recommended now).
• Use grid-template-areas to name the area to make the layout clearer.

For example:

 .container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  gap: 10px;
}

This code creates a three-column and two-row layout, the two middle columns each occupy half of the remaining space, and the row height is automatically adjusted according to the content.

Practical application scenarios of Grid layout

Grid is most suitable for designing the overall page structure, such as:

• Responsive website layout : You can use repeat() and minmax() functions to achieve adaptive layout together with media queries.
• Dashboard interface : Multiple functional modules are arranged neatly in rows and columns, and the order is also convenient.
• Picture gallery : Automatically arrange picture blocks, supporting different proportions and spans.

A common practice is to name different blocks in combination with grid-template-areas , so that the logic is clear and easy to maintain:

 .container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header"
    "sidebar main"
    "footer footer";
}

Then add the class name to the corresponding block in HTML.

Some practical tips for Grid

• Control the span of an item : You can use grid-column or grid-row to make an item span multiple columns or rows.
• Automatically arrange items : Use grid-auto-flow to control whether newly added items are automatically filled by row or column.
• Responsive design tips : Use auto-fit and minmax() with repeat() to quickly make elastic layouts.

For example:

 .grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
}

This writing allows the project to automatically wrap lines at different screen widths and keep the minimum width of 200px.

Overall, CSS Grid provides a more modern and flexible way to build web layouts. While it may be a bit complicated at the beginning, once you get it, you will find it very powerful and efficient. Basically that's all. Don't be scared by the terms. You can get started by just trying a few examples.

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