There are five steps to handle JDBC transactions: 1. Turn off automatic submission to start manual transactions; 2. Execute multiple database operations; 3. Submit transactions in normal times; 4 Rollback in abnormal times; 5. Use save points to control the intermediate state when necessary. By default, JDBC is in auto-commit mode. Each SQL statement is submitted after execution. When multiple operations are involved in actual development, connect.setAutoCommit (false) should be called to turn off automatic commit so that all operations are in the same transaction. The subsequent operations can be submitted through connection.commit() or connection.rollback() rollback to ensure data consistency. It is recommended to place the key code in the try-catch block and finally restore auto-commit. You can also set Savepoint to implement local rollback.
Handling transactions in JDBC is not complicated, but several key points need to be understood. By default, JDBC is in auto-commit mode, which means that each SQL statement will be automatically submitted after execution. But in actual development, especially when multiple operations are involved, we need to manually control transactions to ensure data consistency.
Start manual transactions
If you want to perform multiple database operations and want them to either succeed or all fail, you need to turn off automatic commits:
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
This step is very critical. Only when auto-commit is turned off will the subsequent operations not take effect immediately, but will wait for you to actively call commit() or rollback() .
Note: Once the manual transaction is started, all SQL operations will fall within this transaction scope until you commit or rollback.
Submit and rollback
After completing a series of operations, if everything is OK, the transaction can be submitted:
connection.commit();
If an exception occurs during the process or a step fails, the transaction should be rolled back:
connection.rollback();
- Suggestion : Put the key operations in the try-catch block and rollback in time when an error occurs.
- Note : Don't forget to restore auto-commit in the finally block to avoid affecting subsequent operations.
For example:
- Roll back when an exception occurs
- After the submission is completed, it is best to call
setAutoCommit(true)to free up resources.
Setting Savepoint
Sometimes you don't want to roll back the entire transaction, but just fall back to a certain intermediate state. You can use the save point:
Savepoint savepoint = connection.setSavepoint("BeforeUpdate");
// Perform some operations...
connection.rollback(savepoint); // Roll back to this save point- Save point name is optional, or anonymous save point can be used
- Use savepoints to control transaction flows more granularly
Let's summarize
Basically it is: close auto-commit, perform operations, commit or rollback according to the result, and add savepoint if necessary. Although transaction processing may seem simple, it is easy to cause problems because you forget to close auto-commit or miss rollback, so be careful about these details when writing code.
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