Yii Framework tutorials can be found in the official Chinese documentation, so why write this development tutorial? The purpose of this tutorial is to help Windows desktop application or ASP.NET programmers quickly master the PHPYii Framework application framework through different perspectives (mainly from the perspective of C++ and C# programmers who develop Windows applications). An important benefit of using PHP to develop web applications is that it can be applied to various operating systems (Unix, Windows, Mac OS), unlike Asp.Net, which can generally only be applied to Windows operating systems. Using PHP+Apache+MySQL (XMAP/LAMP) you can defeat almost all the invincible players in the world :-).

The operating system used in this tutorial is Windows, and the development IDE is VS.PHP. The reason why this development environment is used is because VS.PHP uses Visual Studio as the IDE, which is familiar to Visual Studio developers. And it can be used to develop and debug C# and PHP applications at the same time. Yii Framework itself has nothing to do with IDE. You can use your favorite PHP development tools to develop Yii applications (such as Eclipse). For an introduction to VS.PHP, see VS.PHP + YiiFramework combination to develop PHP applications. The knowledge about Yii Framework in this tutorial has nothing to do with developing IDE. It can be applied to various development environments. You can choose the development environment you like.

Before creating the first application, you need to download the Yii development package. You can download it from the Yii website http://www.yiiframework.com/download/. The current version is 1.1.12. After downloading, directly Unzip it to the C: root directory for convenience:

## Another benefit of using VS.PHP is that it It comes with the Apache Web server, so there is no need to install it separately. You can also install XAMP (Apache+MySQL+PHP), but if you need to use MySQL, you need to install MySQL separately.

After installing Yii Framework, we Just use VS.PHP to create your first PHP application, Hello World.

VS.PHP Create the HelloWorld project and add an index.php file.

At this time, modify index.php to

<?php  
print "Hello, World!";  
  
?>

<?php  
print "Hello, World!";  
  
?>

Press F5 to run the program, VS.PHP opens the Quesheng browser and displays "Hello, World!". But this is not a Yii application! ! ! , we have not used Yii Web application framework, Yii Framework is a pure object-oriented application framework. The Application class of its Web program is the CWebApplication class. And adopts the MVC model.

The diagram below shows the static structure of the Yii application

The following figure shows the typical workflow of a Yii application when processing user requests

The user issued a request to access the URL http://www.example.com/index.php?r=post/show&id=1, and the web server passed Execute the entry script index.php to process this request.

The entry script creates an application instance and executes it.

The application obtains the details of the user's request from an application component called request.

The application determines the requested controller and action with the help of an application component called urlManager. In this example, the controller is post, which represents the PostController class; the action is show, whose actual meaning is determined by the controller.

The application creates an instance of the requested controller to further handle the user request. The controller determines the action show points to a method named actionShow in the controller class. It then creates and maintains filters associated with the action (e.g. access control, benchmarking). If allowed by the filter, the action will be executed.

The action reads a Post model with ID 1 from the database.

The action renders a view named show through the Post model.

The view reads and displays the properties of the Post model.

The view executes some small objects.

The rendering result of the view is inserted into a layout.

The action completes rendering of the view and presents it to the user.

The Yii application itself has many configurations, such as the selected Controller, whether the action uses Log files, etc. For a simple application like Hello, World, all default values ??are used. The default Controller is SiteController, and the Action is indexAction. That is to say, for example, if your website is www.guidebee.com, if you use Yii Framework, when the user requests www.guidebee.com, the CWebApplication of the Yii application will create a SiteController class Instance and call the indexAction method of SiteController (equivalent to the main method of Program in C# Console application).

The Yii project uses different directories to store Controller, Action, View, Layout, etc. Its default directory structure is as follows

testdrive/
index.php ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? use use using using ? ? ? ? ? ? use using ‐ ’ s ’ s ? ? through using ? ? ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? – ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Contains CSS files
IMAGES/ Including picture files
Themes/ Including application themes
Protected/ Contains protected application files
yiic yiic command line script
yiic.bat Windows

yiic.php Yiic command line PHP script
Commands/ contains customized 'yiic' command
shell/ contains custom 'yiic shell' command
components/ contains reusable user components
Controller .php The base class for all controller classes
Identity.php The 'Identity' class used for authentication
config/ Contains the configuration file
console.php Console application configuration
main.php Web application configuration
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? use using using using ? ? ? ? ? ? ?. schema.mysql.sql Example MySQL database
schema.sqlite.sql Example SQLite database
testdrive.db Example SQLite database file
extensions/ Contains third-party extensions
Messages/ Contains translations Past messages
Models/ Contains models Class file
LoginForm.php 'login' action form model
ContactForm.php 'contact' action form model
runtime/ Contains temporarily generated files
tests/ tests/ Contains test script
Views/ View and layout files of the controller
layouts/ Including layout view files
main.php The default layout of all views
column1.php uses the layout used by a single page
column2.php. The layout used by the column's pages
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? through out ‐ ‐ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? through ’ ’ s ? through through ‐ ? ? ‐ ? ‐ ‐ ‐ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? to use contact.php 'contact ' The view of the action
? ? ? ? error.php ? ? ? ? The view of the 'error' action (shows external errors)
? ? ? ? ? ?index.php ? ? ? ? ? ? ???'''''''''''s' view of the action's ’‐’action's'''‐‐through''''‐action's view
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/ Contains system view files

這個(gè)目錄結(jié)構(gòu)可以通過Yii自帶的工具來創(chuàng)建缺省的文件建立第一個(gè) Yii 應(yīng)用。

對(duì)于Hello World項(xiàng)目來說，沒有必要這么復(fù)雜，我們只需創(chuàng)建 protected \controllers 目錄以存放SiteController.php。

每個(gè)Yii應(yīng)用都有的入口腳本，可以理解為C#的Program類。這個(gè) 入口腳本大同小異

<?php  
  
// 包含Yii引導(dǎo)文件  
//require_once(dirname(__FILE__).&#39;/../../framework/yii.php&#39;);  
$yii=&#39;C:/yiiframework/yii.php&#39;;  
// 發(fā)布應(yīng)用時(shí)，去掉下面代碼避免產(chǎn)生調(diào)試信息  
defined(&#39;YII_DEBUG&#39;) or define(&#39;YII_DEBUG&#39;,true);  
  
require_once($yii);  
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)應(yīng)用實(shí)例并執(zhí)行  
  
Yii::createWebApplication()->run();

<?php  
  
// 包含Yii引導(dǎo)文件  
//require_once(dirname(__FILE__).&#39;/../../framework/yii.php&#39;);  
$yii=&#39;C:/yiiframework/yii.php&#39;;  
// 發(fā)布應(yīng)用時(shí)，去掉下面代碼避免產(chǎn)生調(diào)試信息  
defined(&#39;YII_DEBUG&#39;) or define(&#39;YII_DEBUG&#39;,true);  
  
require_once($yii);  
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)應(yīng)用實(shí)例并執(zhí)行  
  
Yii::createWebApplication()->run();

前面說過Yii的缺省Controller為SiteController，缺省Action為actionIndex, 因此HelloWorld的SiteController代碼如下

/** 
 * SiteController is the default controller to handle user requests. 
 */  
class SiteController extends CController  
{  
    /** 
     * Index action is the default action in a controller. 
     */  
    public function actionIndex()  
    {  
        echo 'Hello World';  
    }  
}

/** 
 * SiteController is the default controller to handle user requests. 
 */  
class SiteController extends CController  
{  
    /** 
     * Index action is the default action in a controller. 
     */  
    public function actionIndex()  
    {  
        echo 'Hello World';  
    }  
}

此時(shí)再運(yùn)行應(yīng)用，可以在瀏覽器中顯示“Hello,World”。 目前沒有使用MVC模型直接在Controller 使用echo 打印出“Hello,World”， 下面稍微修改一下代碼，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的View。

View缺省目錄為protected 目錄下的views 子目錄，和Controller類對(duì)于，比如SiteController對(duì)應(yīng)到Views目錄下的site子目錄，和Asp.Net一樣，Yii的View（對(duì)應(yīng)到Asp.Net的Page類）也可以使用MasterPage，Yii應(yīng)用成為L(zhǎng)ayout，缺省Layout存放在views的layouts 子目錄。

修改SiteController的actionIndex 方法，改為：

public function actionIndex()  
{  
 $this->render("index");  
}

public function actionIndex()  
{  
 $this->render("index");  
}

View 視圖是一個(gè)包含了主要的用戶交互元素的PHP腳本.他可以包含PHP語句，但是我們建議這些語句不要去改變數(shù)據(jù)模型,且最好能夠保持其單純性(單純作為視圖)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)邏輯和界面分離,大段的邏輯應(yīng)該被放置于控制器或模型中,而不是視圖中，視圖有一個(gè)名字，當(dāng)渲染(render)時(shí)，名字會(huì)被用于識(shí)別視圖腳本文件。

actionIndex 通過render 方法來顯示一個(gè)View，對(duì)應(yīng)到views->site 目錄下的 index.php 。render 缺省使用views ->layouts 下的 main.php 作為 Layout (布局，MasterPage)

布局是一種用來修飾視圖的特殊的視圖文件.它通常包含了用戶界面中通用的一部分視圖.例如:布局可以包含header和footer的部分,然后把內(nèi)容嵌入其間.

......header here......

......footer here......

其中的 $content 則儲(chǔ)存了內(nèi)容視圖的渲染結(jié)果.

來看一下View是目錄下的index.php (View) 代碼：

<?php echo "Hello,World!"; ?>

<?php echo "Hello,World!"; ?>

這樣就完成了Hello，World的MVC模型，運(yùn)行顯示“Hello，World”。

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