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PHP Tutorial

PHP Tutorial

In this tutorial, you will be introduced to PHP from scratch, master the necessary skills for web development, and build your own dynamic website.

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update time:Aug 06, 2025 pm 03:11 PM

Table of Contents

PHP Tutorial

PHP Introduction

PHP Installation

PHP Syntax

PHP Comments

PHP Multiline Comments

PHP Variables

PHP Variables Scope

PHP Data Types

PHP Strings

PHP - Modify Strings

PHP echo and print

PHP Concatenate Strings

PHP Slicing Strings

PHP Escape Characters

PHP Numbers

PHP Casting

PHP Math

PHP Constants

PHP Magic Constants

PHP Operators

PHP if Statements

PHP if Operators

PHP Casting

Integer Division Deep Dive: Understanding `intdiv()` vs. Casting

Integer Division Deep Dive: Understanding `intdiv()` vs. Casting

intdiv()performstrueintegerdivisionandissaferforwholenumbers,whilecasting(int)afterdivisionrisksfloating-pointprecisionerrors.2.Bothtruncatetowardzero,butcastingcanyieldincorrectresultswithnegativeorimprecisevaluesduetofloatrepresentationissues.3.int

Jul 27, 2025 am 12:19 AM

Demystifying PHP's Type Juggling: From Magic to Predictability

Demystifying PHP's Type Juggling: From Magic to Predictability

PHP type conversion is not magic, but automatic type conversion that follows predictable rules, mainly occurs in loose comparison (==) and mixed type operations; 1. Use === to avoid unexpected type conversion; 2. Enable declare(strict_types=1) to force type check; 3. Explicitly convert types to clarify intentions; 4. Verify and normalize input as early as possible at the application entrance; understand and actively manage type conversion rules in order to write reliable and maintainable PHP code.

Aug 01, 2025 am 07:44 AM

Navigating the Pitfalls of Casting with Nulls, Booleans, and Strings

Navigating the Pitfalls of Casting with Nulls, Booleans, and Strings

nullbehavesinconsistentlywhencast:inJavaScript,itbecomes0numericallyand"null"asastring,whileinPHP,itbecomes0asaninteger,anemptystringwhencasttostring,andfalseasaboolean—alwayscheckfornullexplicitlybeforecasting.2.Booleancastingcanbemisleadi

Jul 30, 2025 am 05:37 AM

The Role of Casting in a World of PHP 8 Strict and Union Types

The Role of Casting in a World of PHP 8 Strict and Union Types

CastingisstillnecessaryinPHP8despiteimprovedtypesafety,primarilyatinputboundarieslikeHTTPrequestsorAPIswheredataarrivesasstrings.2.Uniontypesmakecastingsaferbyclearlydefiningacceptableinputtypes,allowingcontrolledconversionsonlyaftervalidation.3.Alwa

Jul 31, 2025 am 07:26 AM

A Pragmatic Approach to Data Type Casting in PHP APIs

A Pragmatic Approach to Data Type Casting in PHP APIs

Verify and convert input data early to prevent downstream errors; 2. Use PHP7.4's typed properties and return types to ensure internal consistency; 3. Handle type conversions in the data conversion stage rather than in business logic; 4. Avoid unsafe type conversions through pre-verification; 5. Normalize JSON responses to ensure consistent output types; 6. Use lightweight DTO centralized, multiplexed, and test type conversion logic in large APIs to manage data types in APIs in a simple and predictable way.

Jul 29, 2025 am 05:02 AM

Beneath the Surface: How the Zend Engine Handles Type Conversion

Beneath the Surface: How the Zend Engine Handles Type Conversion

TheZendEnginehandlesPHP'sautomatictypeconversionsbyusingthezvalstructuretostorevalues,typetags,andmetadata,allowingvariablestochangetypesdynamically;1)duringoperations,itappliescontext-basedconversionrulessuchasturningstringswithleadingdigitsintonumb

Jul 31, 2025 pm 12:44 PM

A Comparative Analysis: `(int)` vs. `intval()` and `settype()`

A Comparative Analysis: `(int)` vs. `intval()` and `settype()`

(int)isthefastestandnon-destructive,idealforsimpleconversionswithoutalteringtheoriginalvariable.2.intval()providesbaseconversionsupportandisslightlyslowerbutusefulforparsinghexorbinarystrings.3.settype()permanentlychangesthevariable’stype,returnsaboo

Jul 30, 2025 am 03:48 AM

Advanced PHP Type Casting and Coercion Techniques

Advanced PHP Type Casting and Coercion Techniques

Use declare(strict_types=1) to ensure strict type checks of function parameters and return values, avoiding errors caused by implicit type conversion; 2. Casting between arrays and objects is suitable for simple scenarios, but does not support complete mapping of methods or private attributes; 3. Settype() directly modifyes the variable type at runtime, suitable for dynamic type processing, and gettype() is used to obtain type names; 4. Predictable type conversion should be achieved by manually writing type-safe auxiliary functions (such as toInt) to avoid unexpected behaviors such as partial resolution; 5. PHP8 union types will not automatically perform type conversion between members and need to be explicitly processed within the function; 6. Constructor attribute improvement should be combined with str

Jul 29, 2025 am 04:38 AM

Optimizing Performance: The Impact of Type Casting in PHP Applications

Optimizing Performance: The Impact of Type Casting in PHP Applications

TypecastinginPHPcanimpactperformancewhenusedexcessivelyorunnecessarily,especiallyinloopsorwithexpensiveoperationslikeobjectandarrayconversions;1.Avoidredundantcasting,asitaddsCPUoverhead—e.g.,castinganalreadyintegervalueinaloopincreasesexecutiontimeb

Jul 30, 2025 am 04:26 AM

PHP's Weak Typing: A Double-Edged Sword of Flexibility and Peril

PHP's Weak Typing: A Double-Edged Sword of Flexibility and Peril

The weak type of PHP is a double-edged sword, which can both accelerate development and easily cause bugs. 1. Weak types allow variables to be automatically converted, such as $var=42 and can be changed to $var="hello"; 2. It supports rapid prototyping, but it is prone to errors caused by implicit conversion, such as "hello"==0 is true; 3. Solutions include using ===, type declaration, strict_types=1; 4. Modern PHP recommends type annotations, static analysis tools and strict modes to improve reliability; 5. The best practice is to combine flexibility and strong type control to ensure code maintainability. Therefore, weak types of power should be respected and used wisely.

Jul 31, 2025 am 03:32 AM

PHP Math

Explicit Casting vs. Implicit Coercion in PHP: A Comprehensive Guide

Explicit Casting vs. Implicit Coercion in PHP: A Comprehensive Guide

Explicitcastingismanuallyconvertingavariabletoaspecifictypeusingsyntaxlike(int)or(string),whileimplicitcoercionisautomatictypeconversionbyPHPincontextslikearithmeticorconcatenation.1.Explicitcastinggivesfullcontrol,ispredictable,andusedfordatasanitiz

Aug 01, 2025 am 07:44 AM

The Role of Modular Arithmetic in PHP for Cryptographic Applications

The Role of Modular Arithmetic in PHP for Cryptographic Applications

ModulararithmeticisessentialinPHPcryptographicapplicationsdespitePHPnotbeingahigh-performancelanguage;2.Itunderpinspublic-keysystemslikeRSAandDiffie-Hellmanthroughoperationssuchasmodularexponentiationandinverses;3.PHP’snative%operatorfailswithlargecr

Jul 30, 2025 am 12:17 AM

Handling Cryptocurrency Calculations: Why BCMath is Essential in PHP

Handling Cryptocurrency Calculations: Why BCMath is Essential in PHP

BCMathisessentialforaccuratecryptocurrencycalculationsinPHPbecausefloating-pointarithmeticintroducesunacceptableroundingerrors.1.Floating-pointnumberslike0.1 0.2yieldimpreciseresults(e.g.,0.30000000000000004),whichisproblematicincryptowhereprecisionu

Aug 01, 2025 am 07:48 AM

The Nuances of Numerical Precision: `round()`, `ceil()`, and `floor()` Pitfalls

The Nuances of Numerical Precision: `round()`, `ceil()`, and `floor()` Pitfalls

round()uses"roundhalftoeven",not"roundhalfup",soround(2.5)returns2andround(3.5)returns4tominimizestatisticalbias,whichmaysurprisethoseexpectingtraditionalrounding.2.Floating-pointrepresentationerrorscausenumberslike2.675tobestored

Jul 29, 2025 am 04:55 AM

Solving Complex Scientific Problems with PHP's Trigonometric Functions

Solving Complex Scientific Problems with PHP's Trigonometric Functions

PHP’strigonometricfunctionslikesin,cos,andtancanbeusedforscientificcalculationsinvolvinganglesandperiodicmotiondespitePHPbeingprimarilyawebdevelopmentlanguage.2.Thesefunctionsrequireanglesinradians,sodeg2radandrad2degareessentialforunitconversion.3.P

Jul 31, 2025 am 06:23 AM

Navigating the Pitfalls of Floating-Point Inaccuracy in PHP

Navigating the Pitfalls of Floating-Point Inaccuracy in PHP

Floating point numbers are inaccurate is a common problem in PHP. The answer is that it uses IEEE754 double-precision format, which makes decimal decimals unable to be accurately represented; numbers such as 1.0.1 or 0.2 are infinite loop decimals in binary, and the computer needs to truncate them to cause errors; 2. When comparing floating point numbers, you should use tolerance instead of ==, such as abs($a-$b)

Jul 29, 2025 am 05:01 AM

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