To handle CSS browser compatibility and prefix issues, you need to understand the differences in browser support and use vendor prefixes reasonably. 1. Understand common problems such as Flexbox and Grid support, position: sticky fails, and animation performance is different; 2. Check Can I use to confirm the support of features; 3. Use -webkit-, -moz-, -ms-, -o- and other vendor prefixes correctly; 4. It is recommended to use Autoprefixer to automatically add prefixes; 5. Install PostCSS and configure browserslist to specify the target browser; 6. Automatically handle compatibility during construction; 7. Modernizr detection features can be used for old projects; 8. There is no need to pursue consistency of all browsers to ensure that core functions are available; 9. Use CSS fallback scheme to provide alternative styles. Mastering these skills can effectively address compatibility challenges.

The key to dealing with CSS browser compatibility and prefix issues is to understand the differences in support of new features by different browsers and how to use vendor prefixes reasonably. Don't expect writing a set of CSS to work perfectly in all browsers, but with some tips and tools, the trouble caused by compatibility can be greatly reduced.

Understand common browser compatibility issues

New CSS features (such as Flexbox, Grid, Backdrop-filter, etc.) are supported in different browsers. Some browsers may not support it at all, some require prefixes, and some implements slightly differently.

Frequently asked questions include:

• Some styles do not work in older versions of Chrome or Safari
• Use position: sticky fails in some browsers
• Animation or gradients do not perform consistently on Firefox and Edge

The first step to solving these problems is to check Can I use to confirm whether the CSS feature you are using is supported by the target browser.

Use manufacturer prefix correctly

Vendor prefixes are intended to enable the browser to implement experimentally before formally supporting a feature. Although many modern browsers now have automatically processed these prefixes, they still need to be added manually in some cases.

Commonly used prefixes are:

• -webkit- : Chrome, Safari
• -moz- :Firefox
• -ms- :IE/Edge (early)
• -o- : Opera (old version)

For example:

 .example {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(30deg);
     -moz-transform: rotate(30deg);
      -ms-transform: rotate(30deg);
       -o-transform: rotate(30deg);
          transform: rotate(30deg);
}

However, it is now more recommended to use tools like Autoprefixer to automatically handle prefix issues.

Use tools to automate compatibility issues

It's too hard to manually manage compatibility and prefixes, but fortunately there are many tools to help us:

• Autoprefixer : Used in conjunction with PostCSS, automatically generate the required prefixes based on your target browser.
• PostCSS : A powerful CSS processing tool with rich plug-ins and can do a lot of optimizations.
• Babel (for CSS-in-JS) : If you are using styled-components or emotion, the Babel plugin can also help you with compatibility.

The steps for use are roughly as follows:

1. Install PostCSS and Autoprefixer
2. Configure browserslist (tell the tool which browsers you want to support)
3. Automatically add prefixes when building

Configuration example ( browserslist ):

 {
  "browserslist": [
    "last 2 versions",
    "> 1%",
    "not dead"
  ]
}

This will ensure that your CSS works properly in most browsers without manual intervention.

Some practical suggestions

• For old projects, you can consider introducing Modernizr to detect whether the browser supports certain features.
• Don’t blindly pursue “all browsers are completely consistent” and focus on ensuring that core functions are available.
• Use CSS fallback schemes, such as providing alternative styles for unsupported browsers.

For example:

 .box {
  background: #ccc; /* fallback */
  background: linear-gradient(to right, #fff, #eee);
}

Basically that's it. Although compatibility issues are annoying, they can be easily dealt with as long as they master the basic routines and cooperate with tools. The key is to know when to add prefix and when to give up support for old browsers.

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