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Table of Contents
1. Installation and basic configuration
2. User login and generate tokens
3. Protect your API routing
4. Log out with Token
Home PHP Framework Laravel Setting up API Authentication with Laravel Sanctum?

Setting up API Authentication with Laravel Sanctum?

Jul 09, 2025 am 02:06 AM

Laravel Sanctum is a lightweight API certification system suitable for front-end and back-end separation projects. 1. The installation requires Laravel 7.x or above. Install and publish configuration files and migration files through Composer. Run the migration and configure the domain name and stateful settings as needed. 2. User login can generate a simple token or a personalized token with permissions, and use the createToken method to get the plainTextToken and return it to the front end. 3. To protect API routes, you need to add the auth:sanctum middleware and manually call the tokenCan method to verify permissions. 4. Delete the current or all tokens when logging out, and the front-end needs to clear the saved tokens.

Setting up API Authentication with Laravel Sanctum?

Laravel Sanctum is a lightweight authentication system that is especially suitable for building API authentication. It is not as complicated as Passport and does not require a full OAuth process. It is very suitable for projects that are separated from front and back ends, such as Vue, React or mobile applications.

Setting up API Authentication with Laravel Sanctum?

Here are some key steps and precautions to help you quickly set up Laravel Sanctum's API certification.

Setting up API Authentication with Laravel Sanctum?

1. Installation and basic configuration

First make sure you have created a Laravel project and the version is 7.x or above (the latest stable version is recommended).

Install Sanctum:

Setting up API Authentication with Laravel Sanctum?
 composer requires laravel/sanctum

Publish configuration files and migrate files:

 php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Laravel\Sanctum\SanctumServiceProvider"

Run the migration:

 php artisan migrate

If you plan to use Sanctum to do SPA login (such as Vue front-end), you also need to set the allowed domain name in config/sanctum.php and enable the stateful settings.


2. User login and generate tokens

Sanctum supports two token modes: simple token and revocable personalized token .

If you just want to make a simple login interface, you can generate a token like this:

 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

$user = Auth::user();
$token = $user->createToken('auth_token')->plainTextToken;

Return this token to the front-end, and then bring Authorization: Bearer {token} for each request.

If you want to support revoke tokens or generate different permissions tokens for different devices, you can use:

 $token = $user->createToken('Mobile App', ['read', 'write']);

Then get the value through $token->plainTextToken .


3. Protect your API routing

In routes/api.php , use auth:sanctum middleware to protect the route:

 Route::middleware('auth:sanctum')->get('/user', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user();
});

Note: By default, Sanctum does not check whether token has specific permissions unless you manually call $request->user()->tokenCan('read') to determine.


4. Log out with Token

Log out of the token of the current user:

 $request->user()->currentAccessToken()->delete();

If you want to log out all tokens at once:

 $request->user()->tokens()->delete();

These operations are simple, but what is easy to ignore is that you need to clear the saved token on the front end, otherwise you will still bring the old token with the next request.


Basically that's it. The design goal of Sanctum is to be simple and direct, without complex configurations to complete API authentication. As long as you pay attention to the middleware and token creation and destruction points, you will basically not get into pitfalls.

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