基于TCP協(xié)議的Socket通信(1) 分類 Android 基礎(chǔ)入門教程
本節(jié)引言:
上一節(jié)的概念課枯燥無味是吧,不過總有點收獲是吧,本節(jié)開始我們來研究基于TCP協(xié)議的Socket 通信,先來了解下Socket的概念,以及Socket通信的模型,實現(xiàn)Socket的步驟,以及作為Socket服務 端與客戶端的兩位各做要做什么事情!好的,我們由淺入深來扣這個Socket吧!
什么是Socket?
2.Socket通信模型:
Socket通信實現(xiàn)步驟解析:
Step 1:創(chuàng)建ServerSocket和Socket
Step 2:打開連接到的Socket的輸入/輸出流
Step 3:按照協(xié)議對Socket進行讀/寫操作
Step 4:關(guān)閉輸入輸出流,以及Socket
好的,我們接下來寫一個簡單的例子,開啟服務端后,客戶端點擊按鈕然后鏈接服務端, 并向服務端發(fā)送一串字符串,表示通過Socket鏈接上服務器~
3.Socket服務端的編寫:
服務端要做的事有這些:
Step 1:創(chuàng)建ServerSocket對象,綁定監(jiān)聽的端口
Step 2:調(diào)用accept()方法監(jiān)聽客戶端的請求
Step 3:連接建立后,通過輸入流讀取客戶端發(fā)送的請求信息
Step 4:通過輸出流向客戶端發(fā)送響應信息
Step 5:關(guān)閉相關(guān)資源
代碼實現(xiàn):
直接在Eclipse下創(chuàng)建一個Java項目,然后把Java代碼貼進去即可!
public class SocketServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //1.創(chuàng)建一個服務器端Socket,即ServerSocket,指定綁定的端口,并監(jiān)聽此端口 ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345); InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); String ip = address.getHostAddress(); Socket socket = null; //2.調(diào)用accept()等待客戶端連接 System.out.println("~~~服務端已就緒,等待客戶端接入~,服務端ip地址: " + ip); socket = serverSocket.accept(); //3.連接后獲取輸入流,讀取客戶端信息 InputStream is=null; InputStreamReader isr=null; BufferedReader br=null; OutputStream os=null; PrintWriter pw=null; is = socket.getInputStream(); //獲取輸入流 isr = new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8"); br = new BufferedReader(isr); String info = null; while((info=br.readLine())!=null){//循環(huán)讀取客戶端的信息 System.out.println("客戶端發(fā)送過來的信息" + info); } socket.shutdownInput();//關(guān)閉輸入流 socket.close(); } }
然后我們把代碼run起來,控制臺會打?。?/p>
好的,接下來到Android客戶端了!
4.Socket客戶端的編寫:
客戶端要做的事有這些:
Step 1:創(chuàng)建Socket對象,指明需要鏈接的服務器的地址和端號
Step 2:鏈接建立后,通過輸出流向服務器發(fā)送請求信息
Step 3:通過輸出流獲取服務器響應的信息
Step 4:關(guān)閉相關(guān)資源
代碼實現(xiàn):
MainActivity.java:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Button btn_accept = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_accept); btn_accept.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { new Thread() { @Override public void run() { try { acceptServer(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }.start(); } private void acceptServer() throws IOException { //1.創(chuàng)建客戶端Socket,指定服務器地址和端口 Socket socket = new Socket("172.16.2.54", 12345); //2.獲取輸出流,向服務器端發(fā)送信息 OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字節(jié)輸出流 PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//將輸出流包裝為打印流 //獲取客戶端的IP地址 InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); String ip = address.getHostAddress(); pw.write("客戶端:~" + ip + "~ 接入服務器?。?quot;); pw.flush(); socket.shutdownOutput();//關(guān)閉輸出流 socket.close(); } }
因為Android不允許在主線程(UI線程)中做網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作,所以這里需要我們自己 另開一個線程來連接Socket!
運行結(jié)果:
點擊按鈕后,服務端控制臺打印:

5.增強版案例:小豬簡易聊天室
只是點擊個按鈕,然后服務器返回一串信息,肯定是很無趣的是吧,接下來我們來 搭建一個超簡單的聊天室,我們需要用到線程池,存儲Socket鏈接的集合,我們還需要 字節(jié)寫一個線程,具體的我們在代碼中來體會!
實現(xiàn)的效果圖:
先把我們的服務端跑起來:

接著把我們的程序分別跑到兩臺模擬器上:

接下來我們來寫代碼:
首先是服務端,就是將讀寫socket的操作放到自定義線程當中,創(chuàng)建ServerSocket后,循環(huán) 調(diào)用accept方法,當有新客戶端接入,將socket加入集合當中,同時在線程池新建一個線程!
另外,在讀取信息的方法中,對輸入字符串進行判斷,如果為bye字符串,將socket從集合中 移除,然后close掉!
Server.java:
public class Server { //定義相關(guān)的參數(shù),端口,存儲Socket連接的集合,ServerSocket對象 //以及線程池 private static final int PORT = 12345; private List mList = new ArrayList(); private ServerSocket server = null; private ExecutorService myExecutorService = null; public static void main(String[] args) { new Server(); } public Server() { try { server = new ServerSocket(PORT); //創(chuàng)建線程池 myExecutorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); System.out.println("服務端運行中...\n"); Socket client = null; while(true) { client = server.accept(); mList.add(client); myExecutorService.execute(new Service(client)); } }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();} } class Service implements Runnable { private Socket socket; private BufferedReader in = null; private String msg = ""; public Service(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; try { in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); msg = "用戶:" +this.socket.getInetAddress() + "~加入了聊天室" +"當前在線人數(shù):" +mList.size(); this.sendmsg(); }catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();} } @Override public void run() { try{ while(true) { if((msg = in.readLine()) != null) { if(msg.equals("bye")) { System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~"); mList.remove(socket); in.close(); msg = "用戶:" + socket.getInetAddress() + "退出:" +"當前在線人數(shù):"+mList.size(); socket.close(); this.sendmsg(); break; }else{ msg = socket.getInetAddress() + " 說: " + msg; this.sendmsg(); } } } }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();} } //為連接上服務端的每個客戶端發(fā)送信息 public void sendmsg() { System.out.println(msg); int num = mList.size(); for(int index = 0;index < num;index++) { Socket mSocket = mList.get(index); PrintWriter pout = null; try { pout = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(mSocket.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8")),true); pout.println(msg); }catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} } } } }
接著到客戶端,客戶端的難點在于要另外開辟線程的問題,因為Android不允許直接在 主線程中做網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作,而且不允許在主線程外的線程操作UI,這里的做法是自己新建 一個線程,以及通過Hanlder來更新UI,實際開發(fā)不建議直接這樣做?。。?/p>
布局文件:activity_main.xml:
MainActivity.java:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Runnable { //定義相關(guān)變量,完成初始化 private TextView txtshow; private EditText editsend; private Button btnsend; private static final String HOST = "172.16.2.54"; private static final int PORT = 12345; private Socket socket = null; private BufferedReader in = null; private PrintWriter out = null; private String content = ""; private StringBuilder sb = null; //定義一個handler對象,用來刷新界面 public Handler handler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 0x123) { sb.append(content); txtshow.setText(sb.toString()); } } ; }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); sb = new StringBuilder(); txtshow = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtshow); editsend = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editsend); btnsend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnsend); //當程序一開始運行的時候就實例化Socket對象,與服務端進行連接,獲取輸入輸出流 //因為4.0以后不能再主線程中進行網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作,所以需要另外開辟一個線程 new Thread() { public void run() { try { socket = new Socket(HOST, PORT); in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8")); out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter( socket.getOutputStream())), true); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }.start(); //為發(fā)送按鈕設(shè)置點擊事件 btnsend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { String msg = editsend.getText().toString(); if (socket.isConnected()) { if (!socket.isOutputShutdown()) { out.println(msg); } } } }); new Thread(MainActivity.this).start(); } //重寫run方法,在該方法中輸入流的讀取 @Override public void run() { try { while (true) { if (socket.isConnected()) { if (!socket.isInputShutdown()) { if ((content = in.readLine()) != null) { content += "\n"; handler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123); } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
本節(jié)小結(jié):
好的,本節(jié)給大家講解了基于TCP的Socket通信,文中介紹了Socket通信的模型,實現(xiàn)了 一個簡單的Socket通信例子,以及寫了一個增強版的實例:小豬聊天室,相信會對剛涉及 Socket編程的你帶來便利~,謝謝~