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      introduction

      <p> Ensuring the readability and maintainability of HTML code is a crucial task for any web developer. Why? Because highly readable code not only makes it easier for us to modify and maintain in the future, but also makes team collaboration smoother. The code with good maintainability can greatly reduce the occurrence of bugs and improve the overall quality of the project. This article will take you into the deep understanding of how to improve the readability and maintainability of HTML code through various tips and best practices. You will learn how to structure your HTML, how to use semantic tags, how to add comments correctly, and how to improve its maintainability by formatting and organizing your code.

      Review of basic knowledge

      <p> Let's first review the basics of HTML. HTML is the abbreviation of HyperText Markup Language, a standard markup language used to create web pages. Its core is to structure content through tags, such as <div> , <code><p></p> , <h1></h1> , etc. Understanding these basic tags and their functions is our first step to improve the readability and maintainability of HTML code.

      Core concept or function analysis

      Definition and function of semantic labels

      <p> Semantic tags are an important concept introduced by HTML5. They are not only used to display content, but also provide contextual information about the content. For example, tags such as <header></header> , <nav></nav> , <article></article> , <section></section> , <footer></footer> , etc., are used not only to make the code easier to understand, but also to improve the effectiveness of search engine optimization (SEO).

       <!-- Example of using semantic tags-->
      <header>
          <h1>My Blog</h1>
          <nav>
              <ul>
                  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
                  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
              </ul>
          </nav>
      </header>

      How it works

      <p> Semantic tags make HTML documents easier to understand not only by human developers, but also by allowing machines (such as search engines) to parse and process content better. Using these tags can make your HTML code structure clearer, reduce dependence on <div> and <span> , thereby improving the readability and maintainability of your code.

      Example of usage

      Basic usage

      <p> In daily development, the rational use of semantic tags can greatly improve the readability of the code. For example:

       <!-- Use of basic semantic tags-->
      <article>
          <h2>Article Title</h2>
          <p>This is the content of the article...</p>
          <footer>
              <p>Published on October 1, 2023</p>
          </footer>
      </article>
      <p> Each line of code has its specific function: <article> defines an independent content block, <h2 id="code-is-the-title-of-the-article-code-p-code-is-used-for-paragraph-content-and-code-footer-code-contains-additional-information-about-the-article-p-h-Advanced-Usage-h-p-For-more-complex-structures-you-can-use-multiple-semantic-tags-to-build-a-complete-page-layout-For-example-p-PRE-BLOCK-p-In-this-complex-structure-each-part-uses-appropriate-semantic-tags-making-the-entire-page-structure-clear-and-easy-to-maintain-p-h-Common-Errors-and-Debugging-Tips-h-p-Common-mistakes-when-using-HTML-include-abuse-of-non-semantic-tags-such-as-excessive-use-of-code-div-code-and-inappropriate-nesting-tags-The-best-way-to-debug-these-errors-is-to-use-the-browser-s-developer-tools-to-view-the-structure-and-style-of-the-elements-In-addition-making-sure-your-HTML-code-passes-the-W-C-validator-check-to-help-you-identify-and-fix-potential-issues-p-h-Performance-optimization-and-best-practices"> is the title of the article, <p> is used for paragraph content, and <footer> contains additional information about the article.

      Advanced Usage

      <p> For more complex structures, you can use multiple semantic tags to build a complete page layout. For example:

       <!-- Example of complex structure-->
      <body>
          <header>
              <h1>Website title</h1>
              <nav>
                  <ul>
                      <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
                      <li><a href="#about">About Us</a></li>
                  </ul>
              </nav>
          </header>
          <main>
              <article>
                  <h2>Article Title</h2>
                  <p>This is the content of the article...</p>
              </article>
              <aside>
                  <h3>Related links</h3>
                  <ul>
                      <li><a href="#link1">Link1</a></li>
                      <li><a href="#link2">Link2</a></li>
                  </ul>
              </aside>
          </main>
          <footer>
              <p>Copyright ? 2023</p>
          </footer>
      </body>
      <p> In this complex structure, each part uses appropriate semantic tags, making the entire page structure clear and easy to maintain.

      Common Errors and Debugging Tips

      <p> Common mistakes when using HTML include abuse of non-semantic tags (such as excessive use of <div> ) and inappropriate nesting tags. The best way to debug these errors is to use the browser's developer tools to view the structure and style of the elements. In addition, making sure your HTML code passes the W3C validator check to help you identify and fix potential issues.

      Performance optimization and best practices

      <p> Improving the readability and maintainability of HTML code is not just as simple as using semantic tags, but also includes the following aspects: