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Table of Contents
1. Return Value
2. Exception Handling
3. Usage with Thread and ExecutorService
Home Java javaTutorial Differences Between Callable and Runnable in Java

Differences Between Callable and Runnable in Java

Jul 04, 2025 am 02:50 AM
java Multithreading

There are three main differences between Callable and Runnable in Java. First, the callable method can return the result, suitable for tasks that need to return values, such as Callable; while the run() method of Runnable has no return value, suitable for tasks that need not return, such as logging. Second, Callable allows to throw checked exceptions to facilitate error transmission; while Runnable must handle exceptions internally. Third, Runnable can be directly passed to Thread or ExecutorService, while Callable can only be submitted to ExecutorService and returns the Future object to get the task result.

Differences Between Callable and Runnable in Java

In Java, both Callable and Runnable are used to represent tasks that can be executed by a thread. However, they have key differences that make each suitable for different scenarios.

Differences Between Callable and Runnable in Java

1. Return Value

One of the main differences between Callable and Runnable is that Callable can return a result, while Runnable cannot.

Differences Between Callable and Runnable in Java
  • Callable returns a value through its call() method, which is of type Object . This makes it useful when you need to perform some computing and get a result back.
  • Runnable , on the other hand, has a run() method that does not return anything. It's typically used for tasks that just need to run without returning a value.

For example, if you're downloading a file and want to know whether it was successful, you might use a Callable<boolean></boolean> . If you're just logging some information or updating a UI, a Runnable would suffice.

2. Exception Handling

Another important difference is how exceptions are handled.

Differences Between Callable and Runnable in Java
  • The call() method in Callable can throw checked exceptions. This means you can handle errors more gracefully and pass them back to the caller.
  • In contrast, the run() method in Runnable doesn't allow throwing checked exceptions. Any exception handling must be done inside the method itself.

This makes Callable more flexible when working with code that might fail due to external factors like I/O operations or network calls.

3. Usage with Thread and ExecutorService

How these interfaces are used with threads and executors also differs:

  • Runnable can be directly passed to a Thread object or submitted to an ExecutorService .
  • Callable can only be submitted to an ExecutorService , not directly used with a Thread . When you submit a Callable , it returns a Future object, which allows you to retrieve the result once it's available.

Here's how you might use them:

 // Runnable example
Runnable task = () -> System.out.println("Running a Runnable");
new Thread(task).start();

// Callable example
Callable<String> task = () -> "Result from Callable";
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> future = executor.submit(task);

So if you need a result or want to work with futures, Callable is the better choice. If you just need something to run without a return value, stick with Runnable .

That's basically it — the main distinctions come down to return types, exception handling, and how they're used with threads and executors. Not too complicated, but easy to mix up if you're not paying attention.

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