<figure> is a semantic tag used to wrap independent media content, such as pictures, charts, videos, etc., indicating that the content can be self-contained; <figcaption> provides it with explanatory text to enhance accessibility and contextual understanding. 1. <figure> serves as a container to improve structural clarity and semantic expression; 2. <figcaption> is placed inside <figure> as title, description or source information; 3. When using it, you should pay attention to non-decorative and non-embedded content to apply, and the alt attribute must still be retained to ensure accessibility.
The <figure></figure>
and <figcaption></figcaption>
elements in HTML are mainly used to better organize and describe media content in documents, such as pictures, charts, videos, etc. They not only make the page structure clearer, but also enhance semantic expression, which is good for accessibility and SEO.

<figure></figure>
: "Container" that wraps media content
<figure></figure>
is a semantic tag used to wrap independent content blocks, usually media content such as pictures, illustrations, charts, or code examples. It means that this part of the content is self-contained and can exist independently of other content on the page.
For example, if you put a picture in the article, and the picture will not affect its meaning even if it is taken out separately, it is very suitable to be placed in <figure></figure>
.

<figure> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="chart.png" class="lazy" alt="sales data trend chart"> </figure>
One of the benefits of using <figure>
is that it lets the browser and helpers know that this content is a separate unit that helps improve the readability and structural clarity of the page.
<figcaption>
: Add a caption to <figure>
The pictures alone may not be clear enough, so a title or description is needed to supplement the information. <figcaption>
is used to do this. It can appear as a child element of <figure>
, usually at the beginning or end of <figure>
.

for example:
<figure> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="chart.png" class="lazy" alt="sales data trend chart"> <figcaption>Comparison of sales in each quarter of 2023</figcaption> </figure>
The advantage of this is that not only can the user understand the image content, but the screen reader can also correctly identify the title or description of the image, thereby helping visually impaired users understand the context.
-
<figcaption></figcaption>
can appear in the first or last child element in<figure></figure>
. - A
<figure></figure>
can have no or only one<figcaption></figcaption>
. - It can be not just a title, it can also be a brief description or source information.
Use scenarios and precautions
Common usage scenarios include:
- Pictures in blog posts
- Data chart display
- Single picture in the picture gallery
- Instructions for video or audio embedding
What should be noted is:
- Don't abuse
<figure></figure>
, not all pictures need it. If the picture is only decorative or is closely integrated with the text, it does not need to be placed in<figure></figure>
. - Always add an
alt
attribute to the image, even if<figcaption></figcaption>
is present, it cannot replace the function ofalt
. - If you need multiple captions, such as the title source, you can put them in the same
<figcaption></figcaption>
and separate them with newlines or paragraphs.
Basically that's it. The rational use of <figure></figure>
and <figcaption></figcaption>
can make your HTML clearer and more accessible, and it is not complicated to implement, but it is easy to be ignored.
The above is the detailed content of What is the purpose of the figure and figcaption elements?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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